14. 决策表
Patient | Headache | Temperature | Lymphocyte | Leukocyte | Eosinophil | Heartbeat | Flu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x 1 x_1 x1 | Yes | High | High | High | High | Normal | Yes |
x 2 x_2 x2 | Yes | High | Normal | High | High | Abnormal | Yes |
x 3 x_3 x3 | Yes | High | High | High | Normal | Abnormal | Yes |
x 4 x_4 x4 | No | High | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | No |
x 5 x_5 x5 | Yes | Normal | Normal | Low | High | Abnormal | No |
x 6 x_6 x6 | Yes | Normal | Low | High | Normal | Abnormal | No |
x 7 x_7 x7 | Yes | Low | Low | High | Normal | Normal | Yes |
Definition 4. A decision system is a 5-tuple S = ( U , C , D , V , I ) S = (\mathbf{U}, \mathbf{C}, \mathbf{D}, \mathbf{V}, I) S=(U,C,D,V,I), where
- U = { x 1 , x 2 , … , x n } \mathbf{U} = \{x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n\} U={x1,x2,…,xn} is the set of instances,
- C = { a 1 , a 2 , … , a m } \mathbf{C} = \{a_1, a_2, \dots, a_m\} C={a1,a2,…,am} is the set of conditions attributes,
- D = { d 1 , d 2 , … , d l } \mathbf{D} = \{d_1, d_2, \dots, d_l\} D={d1,d2,…,dl} is the set of decisional attributes,
- V = ⋃ a ∈ C ∪ D V a \mathbf{V} = \bigcup_{a \in \mathbf{C} \cup \mathbf{D}}\mathbf{V}_a V=⋃a∈C∪DVa,
- V a \mathbf{V}_a Va is the domain of a ∈ C ∪ D a \in \mathbf{C} \cup \mathbf{D} a∈C∪D,
- I : U × ( C ∪ D ) → V I: \mathbf{U} \times (\mathbf{C} \cup \mathbf{D}) \to \mathbf{V} I:U×(C∪D)→V is the information function.
作业:
写出本例中的 U , C , D 和 V \mathbf{U}, \mathbf{C}, \mathbf{D} 和 \mathbf{V} U,C,D和V. 注: 最后两个属性为决策属性.
I I I 是怎么表示的?
U
=
{
x
1
,
x
2
,
x
3
,
x
4
,
x
5
,
x
6
,
x
7
}
\mathbf{U} = \{x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4, x_5, x_6, x_7\}
U={x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7}
C
\mathbf{C}
C =
{
\{
{Patient, Headache, Temperature, Lymphocyte, Leukocyte, Eosinophil
}
\}
};
D
\mathbf{D}
D =
{
\{
{Heartbeat, Flu
}
\}
};
V
\mathbf{V}
V =
{
\{
{Yes, No, High, Low, Abnormal, Normal
}
\}
}.
I
(
x
1
,
{
I(x_1, \{
I(x1,{yes, High, High, High, High
}
)
=
{
\} ) = \{
})={Normal, Yes
}
\}
}.
I
(
x
2
,
{
I(x_2, \{
I(x2,{yes, High, Normal, High, High
}
)
=
{
\} ) = \{
})={Abnormal, Yes
}
\}
}.
定义一个标签分布系统, 即各标签的值不是 0/1, 而是 [ 0 , 1 ] [0, 1] [0,1] 区间的实数, 且同一对象的标签和为 1.
A label distributes system is a tuple
L
=
(
X
,
Y
)
L=(\mathbf X,\mathbf Y)
L=(X,Y), where
X
=
[
x
i
j
]
n
×
m
∈
R
n
×
m
\mathbf X=\left[x_{ij}\right]_{n\times m}\in \R^{n\times m}
X=[xij]n×m∈Rn×m is the data matrix;
Y
=
[
y
i
k
]
n
×
l
∈
[
0
,
1
]
\mathbf Y=\left[y_{ik}\right]_{n\times l}\in[0,1]
Y=[yik]n×l∈[0,1] is the label matrix and
∑
k
=
1
l
y
i
k
=
1
\sum_{k=1}^{l}y_{ik}=1
∑k=1lyik=1;
n
n
n is the number of instances,
m
m
m is the number of features and
l
l
l is the number of labels.