作业
原文的博客:数学表达式: 从恐惧到单挑 (8. 累加、累乘与积分)
- 将向量下标为偶数的分量
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x
2
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x
4
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(x_2, x_4, …)
(x2,x4,…) 累加, 写出相应表达式.
∑ i m o d 2 = 0 x i \sum_{i \mod 2 = 0}x_i imod2=0∑xi
源码:$$\sum_{i\mod 2 = 0}x_i$$
- 各出一道累加、累乘、积分表达式的习题, 并给出标准答案.
① 累加:计算从1到100的累加和;
∑ i = 1 100 i = 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 100 = 5050 \sum_{i=1}^{100}i = 1+2+\dots+100=5050 i=1∑100i=1+2+⋯+100=5050
② 累乘:计算从1到10偶数的累乘;
∏ i m o d 2 = 0 10 i = 2 × 4 × ⋯ × 10 = 3840 \prod_{i\mod2=0}^{10}i=2\times4\times\dots\times10=3840 imod2=0∏10i=2×4×⋯×10=3840
③ 积分:计算 ∫ 0 π / 2 cos 5 x sin x d x \int_0^{\pi/2}\cos^5x\sin x\mathrm dx ∫0π/2cos5xsinxdx
∫ 0 π / 2 cos 5 x sin x d x = − ∫ 0 π / 2 cos 5 x d cos x = − 1 6 cos 6 x ∣ 0 π / 2 = − 1 6 × ( 0 − 1 ) = 1 6 \int_0^{\pi/2}\cos^5x\sin x\mathrm dx=-\int_0^{\pi/2}\cos^5x \mathrm d\cos x=-\frac{1}{6}\cos^6x\vert_0^{\pi/2}=-\frac{1}{6}\times(0-1)=\frac{1}{6} ∫0π/2cos5xsinxdx=−∫0π/2cos5xdcosx=−61cos6x∣0π/2=−61×(0−1)=61 - 你使用过三重累加吗? 描述一下其应用.
三重累加,类似这种: ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 m ∑ k = 1 l x i j k \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^m\sum_{k=1}^lx_{ijk} i=1∑nj=1∑mk=1∑lxijk - 给一个常用的定积分, 将手算结果与程序结果对比.
∫ 1 3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1 ) d x \int_{1}^{3} (x^2 + 2x + 1) \mathrm{d}x ∫13(x2+2x+1)dx
手算: ∫ 1 3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1 ) d x = ( 1 3 x 3 + x 2 + x ) ∣ 1 3 = 21 − 7 3 = 56 3 ≈ 18.667 \int_{1}^{3} (x^2 + 2x + 1) \mathrm{d}x=(\frac{1}{3}x^3+x^2+x)\vert_1^3=21-\frac{7}{3}=\frac{56}{3}\approx18.667 ∫13(x2+2x+1)dx=(31x3+x2+x)∣13=21−37=356≈18.667
程序计算:
double integration = 0;
double delta = 0.01;
for (double x = 1; x <= 3; x += delta)
integration += (x * x + 2 * x + 1) * delta;
System.out.println(integration);
这里试了几组delta不同的取值,并列出每种取值的结果:
(1).当delta = 0.01,integration = 18.76669999999993
(2).当delta = 0.001,integration = 18.67666699999851
(3).当delta = 0.0001,integration = 18.666066670006593
- 自己写一个小例子
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n
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3
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m
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1
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(n = 3,m=1)
(n=3,m=1) 来验证最小二乘法.
令 X = [ 1 3 2 ] \mathbf{X}=\begin{bmatrix}1 \\3 \\2 \end{bmatrix} X=⎣⎡132⎦⎤, Y = [ 4 9 6 ] \mathbf{Y}=\begin{bmatrix}4 \\9 \\6 \end{bmatrix} Y=⎣⎡496⎦⎤
w = ( X T X ) − 1 X T Y = ( [ 1 3 2 ] [ 1 3 2 ] ) − 1 [ 1 3 2 ] [ 4 9 6 ] = 1 14 [ 1 3 2 ] [ 4 9 6 ] = 3.07 \mathbf{w}=(\mathbf{X}^\mathrm T\mathbf{X})^{-1}\mathbf{X}^\mathrm T\mathbf{Y}=(\begin{bmatrix}1 & 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\3 \\2 \end{bmatrix})^{-1}\begin{bmatrix}1 &3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}4 \\9 \\6 \end{bmatrix}=\frac{1}{14}\begin{bmatrix}1 &3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}4 \\9 \\6 \end{bmatrix}=3.07 w=(XTX)−1XTY=([132]⎣⎡132⎦⎤)−1[132]⎣⎡496⎦⎤=141[132]⎣⎡496⎦⎤=3.07