友元

C++友元用来破坏数据封装，分为三种：友元类、友元普通函数和友元成员函数。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Husband;
class Boss
{
public:
	Boss()
	{
		cout << "Boss()" << endl;
	}

	void giveSalary(Husband &h);
	//void giveSalary(Husband &h)//由于该函数声明为Husband类的友元成员函数，所以Boss可以访问Husband的私有属性，但是此处不能直接定义函数，因为在该函数体中还未能找到Husband类实体，只能先声明，然后在类外面定义
	//{
	//	h.balance+=1000;
	//}
	
	void getSalary(Husband &h);//由于该函数并未声明为Husband类的友元成员函数，所以Boss不能访问Husband的私有属性
	//void getSalary(Husband &h)
	//{
	//	h.balance=0;
	//}
};
class Husband
{
	friend class Wife;//友元类
	friend void giveInterest(Husband &);//友元普通函数
	friend void Boss::giveSalary(Husband &);//友元成员函数

public:
	Husband()
		:balance(100)
	{
		cout << "Husband()" << endl;
	}
	void out()
	{
		cout << "I have:" << balance << endl;
	}
private:
	int balance;

};
class Wife
{
public:
	Wife()
		:balance(0)
	{
		cout << "Wife()" << endl;
	}

	void getMoney(Husband &h)
	{
		balance += h.balance;
		h.balance = 0;
	}
	void giveMoney(Husband &h)
	{
		h.balance += balance;
		balance = 0;
	}
private:
	int balance;
};

void Boss::giveSalary(Husband &h)
{
	h.balance += 1000;
}

//void Boss::getSalary(Husband &h)
//{
//	h.balance = 0;
//}


void giveInterest(Husband &h)
{
	h.balance += 500;
}

void main()
{
	Wife w;
	Husband h;
	h.out();

	w.getMoney(h);
	h.out();

	giveInterest(h);
	h.out();

	Boss b;
	b.giveSalary(h);
	h.out();
}

友元的继承性：父类的友元类也是子类的友元类，但是该友元类只能访问子类中由父类继承而来的私有成员，子类本身的私有成员不能访问。

class A
{
	friend class C;
	private:
		int m_val;
};
class B:public A
{
	private:
		int val;
};
class C
{
	public:
		void c_change_a(A &a)
		{ cout << (a.m_val = 5) << endl; }
	
		void c_change_b(B &b)
		{
			cout << (b.m_val = 7) << endl;//ok，友元类只能访问子类中由父类继承而来的私有成员
			//cout << (b.val = 7) << endl;//error，友元类对于子类本身的私有成员不能访问
		}
};
void main()
{
	A a;
	B b;
	C c;
	
	c.c_change_a(a);
	c.c_change_b(b);
}