HttpClient发送GET请求和POST请求

一、描述

日常开发过程中,对接三方接口,我们需要调用外围系统的接口,那此时就需要使用工具类调用别的系统的接口,本文主要提供HttpClient来调用接口。

二、需要的jar包

httpclient-4.5.2、

httpcore-4.4.5

jdk的jre包

lombok 1.6.18(可选)

slf4(可选)

三、源码展示

1.GET请求

 public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {

        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        // 返回结果
        String resultString = "";

        // 执行url之后的响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try {
            // 创建uri
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);

            // 将参数封装到uri里面
            if (param != null) {
                for (String key : param.keySet()) {
                    builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
                }
            }

            URI uri = builder.build();

            // 创建http GET请求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

            // 执行请求
            response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);

            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {

                resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            log.info(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
                httpclient.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                log.info(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }

2. POST请求

public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        String resultString = "";
        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 创建参数列表
            if (param != null) {
                List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
                for (String key : param.keySet()) {
                    paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
                }
                // 模拟表单
                UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);

                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");

        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            log.info(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                log.info(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }

3.POST提交JSON类型参数

 /**
     * 以JSON方式发请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPostJson(String url, String json, int connectTimeOut, int socketTimeOut) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                    .setConnectTimeout(connectTimeOut).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeOut).build();
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            // 创建请求内容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);

            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");

        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            log.info(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                log.info(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }

4.全部源码奉上

package com.yang.utils;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
public class HttpRequest {


    public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {

        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        // 返回结果
        String resultString = "";

        // 执行url之后的响应
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try {
            // 创建uri
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);

            // 将参数封装到uri里面
            if (param != null) {
                for (String key : param.keySet()) {
                    builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
                }
            }

            URI uri = builder.build();

            // 创建http GET请求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

            // 执行请求
            response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);

            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {

                resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            log.info(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
                httpclient.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                log.info(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }

    public static String doGet(String url) {
        return doGet(url, null);
    }

    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        String resultString = "";
        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 创建参数列表
            if (param != null) {
                List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
                for (String key : param.keySet()) {
                    paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
                }
                // 模拟表单
                UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);

                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");

        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            log.info(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                log.info(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }

    public static String doPost(String url) {
        return doPost(url, null);
    }

    /**
     * 以JSON方式发请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            // 创建请求内容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);

            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");

        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            log.info(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                log.info(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }
    /**
     * 以JSON方式发请求
     *
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPostJson(String url, String json, int connectTimeOut, int socketTimeOut) {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                    .setConnectTimeout(connectTimeOut).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeOut).build();
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            // 创建请求内容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);

            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");

        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            log.info(e.getMessage());
        }
        finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                log.info(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }
}

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HttpClientJava中的一个开源库,用于支持HTTP协议的客户端编程。它是一个用于发送HTTP请求和接收HTTP响应的包装工具类。HttpClient可以被用于执行GET和POST请求HTTP方法。走看看是一个基于Web的应用程序,包含了各种常见的网站功能,如搜索、资讯、体育、财经、购物等多个频道。下面将分别介绍HttpClient发送GET和POST请求时的一些重要知识点。 HttpClient发送GET请求时,需要构造一个HttpGet对象,并指定请求的URL。调用HttpClient.execute方法,并且将HttpGet对象传递给该方法。接下来,HttpClient发送GET请求到指定的URL,然后将响应内容作为一个HttpResponse对象返回给程序。可以从HttpResponse对象中获取响应状态、响应头和响应体等信息。 HttpClient发送POST请求时,需要首先构造一个HttpPost对象,并指定请求的URL。调用HttpPost.setEntity方法来设置请求体内容,然后调用HttpClient.execute方法,并将HttpPost对象传递给该方法。接下来,HttpClient会将POST请求数据发送到指定的URL,然后将响应内容作为一个HttpResponse对象返回给程序。与GET请求相似,可以从HttpResponse对象中获取响应状态、响应头和响应体等信息。 总的来说,HttpClient是一个十分强大和方便的网络编程工具类,可以方便地实现HTTP请求和响应的处理。可以根据自己的需求选择GET和POST请求发送,然后获取响应内容和各种信息。使用HttpClient能够简化开发,提高编程效率,是Java网络编程开发中非常重要的一种库。

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