python 哈希表&双指针

哈希表

给你两个字符串：ransomNote 和 magazine ，判断 ransomNote 能不能由 magazine 里面的字符构成。

如果可以，返回 true ；否则返回 false 。

magazine 中的每个字符只能在 ransomNote 中使用一次。

使用数组作为哈希表：
class Solution:
    def canConstruct(self, ransomNote: str, magazine: str) -> bool:

        arr = [0] * 26

        for x in magazine:
            arr[ord(x) - ord('a')] += 1//ord:返回ascll码值

        for x in ransomNote:
            if arr[ord(x) - ord('a')] == 0:
                return False
            else:
                arr[ord(x) - ord('a')] -= 1
        
        return True

使用defaultdict（int）:默认字典 防止key不存在报错
class Solution:
    def canConstruct(self, ransomNote: str, magazine: str) -> bool:

        from collections import defaultdict

        hashmap = defaultdict(int)

        for x in magazine:
            hashmap[x] += 1

        for x in ransomNote:
            value = hashmap.get(x)
            if value is None or value == 0:
                return False
            else:
                hashmap[x] -= 1

        return True

正常字典：建议使用
class Solution(object):
    def canConstruct(self, ransomNote, magazine):
        """
        :type ransomNote: str
        :type magazine: str
        :rtype: bool
        """
     
        # use a dict to store the number of letter occurance in ransomNote
        hashmap = dict()
        for s in ransomNote:
            if s in hashmap