Swift 学习之简单值与流控制—001

import UIKit

var str = "Hello, playground"

let string = "hello,world"

//使用 println 函数来输出

println("hello, world")

/********************简单值***********************/

//使用let来声明常量，使用var来声明变量

var myVariable =42

myVariable =50

let myConstant =42

//cannot assign 'let' value 'myConstant'(不能给常量值再赋值)

//myConstant = 60

//如果初始值没有提供足够的信息，那么需要在变量后面声明类型，用冒号分割

let implicitInteger =70

let implicitDouble =70.0

let explicitDouble:Double =70

let explicitFloat:Float=4

//值永远不会被隐式转换为其他类型，如果需要把一个值转换为其他类型，请显式转换

let label = "the width is " //字符串类型

let width =94             //整型

let widthLabel = label + String(width)

//把值转换成字符串的方法：把值写到括号中，并在括号前写一个反斜杠

let apples =3

let oranges =5

//let appleSum = "I have \(apples) apples"

let appleSum ="I have " + String(apples) +" apples"

let fruitSum ="I have\(apples + oranges) pieces of fruit"

let float1:Float =2

let float2:Float =4.0

let myFloat ="I am pengzhihao\(float1 + float2) "

//使用方括号[]来创建数组和字典，并使用下标或键(key)来访问元素

//数组

var shoppingList = ["catfish","water","tulips","blue paint"]

shoppingList[3] ="bottle of water"

shoppingList

//字典

var occupations = [

"pengzhihao" : "25",

    "lihong" : "26",

]

occupations

occupations["pengzhihao"]

occupations["zhangsan"] ="27"

println(occupations)

let emptyArrar = []

let emptyDictionary = Dictionary <String,Float>()

/********************控制流***********************/

//控制流 if 语句中，条件必须是一个布尔表达式，像if score{...},这样的代码是错误的

let individualScores = [75,43,103, 87, 12]

var teamScore =0

for scorein individualScores{

   if score >50{

    teamScore +=3

    }else{

    teamScore +=1

    }

}

teamScore

if (3>2){

println("ok")

}

//变量的值可选

var optionalString:String? ="hello"

optionalString ==nil

var optionalName:String? ="pengzhihao"

var greeting ="hello"

iflet name = optionalName{

 greeting ="hello,\(name)"

}else{

println("原来如此")

}

greeting

//使用 switch

//如果没有default 分句,将会报错"switch必须全面彻底，增加default分支"

let vegetable ="red pepper"

var vegetableComment ="test"

switch vegetable{

case "celery":

     vegetableComment = "Add some taisins and make ants on a log."

    

case "cucumber","watercress":

     vegetableComment = "Tant would make a good tea sandwich."

caselet xwhere x.hasSuffix("pepper"):

     vegetableComment ="Is it a spicy\(x)?"

default:

    vegetableComment = "Everything tastes good in soup."

}

vegetableComment

//使用 forin 来遍历字典

let interestingNumbers = [

   "Prime" : [2,3,5, 7, 11, 13],

   "Fibonacci" : [1,1,2, 3, 5, 8],

]

var largest =0

for (kind,numbers)in interestingNumbers{

   for numberin numbers{

       if number > largest{

        largest = number

        }

    }

}

largest

//使用 while 循环

var n =2

while n <100{

 n = n *2

}

n

var m =2

do {

m = m *2

}while m <100

m

//使用传统的方法

var firstForLoop =0

forvar i =0; i <3 ;i++ {

    firstForLoop += i

}

firstForLoop

//使用现代的方法

var sum =0

for iin0...3 {

    sum += i}

sum