高数习题12.1

1. 证明基本三角函数系的正交性中的等式：
   $\begin{array}{r}{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }sinmx\cdot sinnxdx=0;\\ {\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }sinmx\cdot cosnxdx=0.\end{array}(m\ne n)$
   证明：
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }sinmx\cdot sinnxdx& ={\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }\frac{cos(m-n)x-cos(m+n)x}{2}dx\\ & =\frac{1}{2}[{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }cos(m-n)xdx-{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }cos(m+n)xdx]\\ & =\frac{sin(m-n)\pi }{m-n}-\frac{sin(m+n)\pi }{m+n}\\ & =0\end{array}$
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }sinmx\cdot cosnxdx& ={\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }\frac{sin(m+n)x-sin(m-n)x}{2}dx\\ & =\frac{1}{2}[{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }sin(m+n)xdx-{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }sin(m-n)xdx]\\ & =0\end{array}$
2. 证明本节中定义的范数$(f,g)$具有以下性质：
   $(f,C_1{g}_1+C_2{g}_2)=C_1(f,g_1)+C_2(f,g_2)(C_1,C_2为常数).$
   证明：
   $\begin{array}{rl}(f,C_1{g}_1+C_2{g}_2)& =\frac{1}{\pi }{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }f(C_1{g}_1+C_2{g}_2)dx\\ & =C_1\frac{1}{\pi }{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }f{g}_{1}dx+C_2\frac{1}{\pi }{\int }_{-\pi }^{\pi }f{g}_{2}dx\\ & =C_1(f,g_1)+C_2(f,g_2)\end{array}$
3. 证明$|(f,g)|\le ||f||\cdot ||g||$
   证明：
   $||f-\lambda g|{|}^2=||f|{|}^2-2\lambda (f,g)+{\lambda }^2||g|{|}^2\ge 0$恒成立，所以$\Delta =(-2(f,g){)}^2-4||f|{|}^2\cdot ||g|{|}^2\le 0$即$|(f,g)|\le ||f||\cdot ||g||$