题解
完全弹性碰撞:小球和汽车的运动方向相同
小球质量 m,速度 v
汽车质量 M,速度 V
m
v
+
M
V
=
m
v
′
+
M
V
′
mv+MV=mv'+MV'
mv+MV=mv′+MV′ - 动量守恒
1
2
m
v
2
+
1
2
M
V
2
=
1
2
m
v
′
2
+
1
2
M
V
′
2
\frac{1}{2}mv^2+\frac{1}{2}MV^2=\frac{1}{2}m{v'}^2+\frac{1}{2}M{V'}^2
21mv2+21MV2=21mv′2+21MV′2 - 能量守恒
变形一下
m
(
v
−
v
′
)
=
M
(
V
′
−
V
)
m(v-v')=M(V'-V)
m(v−v′)=M(V′−V) - ①
1
2
m
(
v
−
v
′
)
(
v
+
v
′
)
=
1
2
M
(
V
′
−
V
)
(
V
′
+
V
)
\frac{1}{2}m(v-v')(v+v')=\frac{1}{2}M(V'-V)(V'+V)
21m(v−v′)(v+v′)=21M(V′−V)(V′+V) - ②
两式相除,得
v
+
v
′
=
V
′
+
V
v+v'=V'+V
v+v′=V′+V
V
′
=
v
+
v
′
−
V
V'=v+v'-V
V′=v+v′−V
带入①中
m
v
−
m
v
′
=
M
v
+
M
v
′
−
2
M
V
mv-mv'=Mv+Mv'-2MV
mv−mv′=Mv+Mv′−2MV
(
M
+
m
)
v
′
=
(
m
−
M
)
v
+
2
M
V
(M+m)v'=(m-M)v+2MV
(M+m)v′=(m−M)v+2MV
v
′
=
(
m
−
M
)
v
+
2
M
V
(
M
+
m
)
v'=\cfrac{(m-M)v+2MV}{(M+m)}
v′=(M+m)(m−M)v+2MV
因为 M>>m
v
′
=
−
M
v
+
2
M
V
M
=
−
v
+
2
V
v'=\cfrac{-Mv+2MV}{M}=-v+2V
v′=M−Mv+2MV=−v+2V
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int n,m,k;
int main(){
while(cin>>n>>m){//车 小球
cout<<-m+2*n<<endl;
}
return 0;
}