Android Studio HTTP通信安卓工具类（简便开发）

Yun_yichen

已于 2024-09-11 11:27:12 修改

阅读量234

点赞数 3

文章标签： android android studio http 网络协议

于 2024-09-10 17:41:35 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Yun_yichen/article/details/142061022

版权

版本：Android Studio 2024.1.1

SDK：34

一、添加HTTP依赖库

在app->build.gradle 添加okhttp依赖库

implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.1'

如下所示：

plugins {
    alias(libs.plugins.android.application)
}

android {
    namespace 'com.example.mytest'
    compileSdk 34

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.mytest"
        minSdk 25
        targetSdk 34
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
}

dependencies {

    //HTTP客户端库
    implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.1'

    implementation libs.appcompat
    implementation libs.material
    implementation libs.activity
    implementation libs.constraintlayout
    testImplementation libs.junit
    androidTestImplementation libs.ext.junit
    androidTestImplementation libs.espresso.core
}

二、添加权限

在app->src->main->AndroidManifest.xml添加网络权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />

如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">


    <!--    网络权限-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <!--    网络状态权限-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <!--    保持唤醒状态-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />


    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyTest"

        tools:targetApi="31">


        <activity
            android:name=".utils.ToastUtil"
            android:exported="false" />
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <!--    开启MQTT服务-->
        <service android:name="org.eclipse.paho.android.service.MqttService" />

    </application>

</manifest>

三、封装工具类

源码：

package com.example.mytest;

import android.util.Log;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import okhttp3.*;

public class HttpUtils {

    private static final String TAG = "HttpUtils";
    private static HttpUtils instance;
    private OkHttpClient client;

    private HttpUtils() {
        client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .build();
    }

    public static HttpUtils getInstance() {
        if(instance == null){
            synchronized (HttpUtils.class){
                if(instance == null){
                    instance = new HttpUtils();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

    //GET请求
    public void get(String url) {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .build();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                // 处理请求失败
                Log.e("HTTP Request", "Error: ", e);
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    // 获取响应体
                    // 注意：response.body().string() 只能调用一次 因为是流数据
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    Log.d("HTTP Request", "Response Code: " + responseData);
                    // 处理响应数据
                } else {
                    // 处理错误响应
                    Log.e("HTTP Request", "Response Code: " + response.code());
                }
            }
        });
    }

    // POST 请求
    public void post(String url, String json) {
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(json,MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"));
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(body)
                .build();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                // 处理请求失败
                Log.e("HTTP Request", "Error: ", e);
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    // 获取响应体
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    Log.d("HTTP Request", "Response Code: " + responseData);
                    // 处理响应数据
                } else {
                 // 处理错误响应
                    Log.e("HTTP Request", "Response Code: " + response.code());
                }
            }
        });
    }

    //文件下载
    public void downloadFile(String url, String savePath) {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .build();

        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                Log.e("HTTP Request", "Error: ", e);
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    // 获取响应体
                    InputStream inputStream = response.body().byteStream();
                    //提取url中的文件名,用于创建文件
                    int lastIndex = url.lastIndexOf('/');
                    String fileName = url.substring(lastIndex + 1);
                    // 创建输出流,try可以自动回收资源，避免资源泄漏
                    try (FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(savePath + fileName)) {
                        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; // 缓冲区大小
                        int count;
                        while ((count = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                            outputStream.write(buffer, 0, count);
                        }
                        // 文件下载完成
                        Log.d("HTTP Request", "File downloaded successfully to: " + savePath + fileName);
                    }
                } else {
                    // 处理错误响应
                    Log.e("HTTP Request", "Response Code: " + response.code());
                }
            }
        });
    }

    // 文件上传
    public void uploadFile(String url, File file) {
        RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
                .addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(), RequestBody.create(file,MediaType.parse("application/octet-stream")))
                .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(requestBody)
                .build();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                Log.e("HTTP Request", "Error: ", e);
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    // 获取响应体
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    Log.d("HTTP Request", "Response Code: " + responseData);
                    // 处理响应数据

                } else {
                    // 处理错误响应
                    Log.e("HTTP Request", "Response Code: " + response.code());
                }
            }
        });
    }

}

四、使用HTTP工具类（直接调用）

1.GET请求

HttpUtils.getInstance().get("http://192.168.1.16:8090");

2.POST请求

HttpUtils.getInstance().post("http://192.168.1.16:8090","{\"test\":\"123\"}");

3.文件下载

HttpUtils.getInstance().downloadFile("https://files.cnblogs.com/files/xiaochina/hfs汉化.rar","/data/data/com.example.mytest/files/");

4.文件上传

HttpUtils.getInstance().uploadFile("http://192.168.1.16:8090",file);

文件操作(测试)拓展：

//文件创建

//应用私有文件操作方式，适用于小文件测试

FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput("test.txt",MODE_PRIVATE);
fos.write("hellow world".getBytes()); //字符串转字节数组写入文件
fos.close();

Toast.makeText(this,"写入成功",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

//文件读取

FileInputStream fis = openFileInput("test.txt");
byte[] bytes = new byte[fis.available()]; //创建一个和文件大小相同的字节数组
fis.read(bytes);
fis.close();

Toast.makeText(this,new String(bytes),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

//文件上传

//私有文件路径：/data/data/包名/files/文件名

//打开View---Tool Windows---Device Explorer可查看设备文件，默认关闭

File file = new File("/data/data/com.example.mytest/files/test.txt");

HttpUtils.getInstance().uploadFile("http://192.168.1.16:8090",file);