图形
bar
横向：barh
boxplot
https://www.freesion.com/article/65641222337/
子图（ax）
-
设置子图间距
fig, axes = plt.subplots(n_row, n_col, figsize=(7, 3), dpi=100) fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.1, wspace=0.3) # hspace是上下间距，wspace是左右间距 -
设置子图坐标轴间距相等
ax.axis('equal') # 如果使用plt，则为plt.axis(equal) -
子图排版：fig.add_gridspec、ax.inset_axes
# 参考：https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/lines_bars_and_markers/scatter_hist.html import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 4)) # 创建主图，上、右各留出25%的空间给侧边图 ax = fig.add_gridspec(top=0.75, right=0.75).subplots() # 创建侧边图。ax.inset_axes的值>1时将侧边图放置在主图的右侧、上侧，<0时放置在左侧、下侧。 ax_histx = ax.inset_axes([0, 1.05, 1, 0.25], sharex=ax) ax_histy = ax.inset_axes([1.05, 0, 0.25, 1], sharey=ax) # 数据可视化 x = np.random.randn(1000) y = np.random.randn(1000) ax.scatter(x, y) ax_histx.hist(x) ax_histy.hist(y, orientation='horizontal') # 隐藏侧边图的tick label ax_histx.tick_params(axis="x", labelbottom=False) ax_histy.tick_params(axis="y", labelleft=False)
-
设置子图标题，并放在图像下方
ax = plt.gca() ax.set_title("(a)", y=-0.1) -
获取图像大小
fig = plt.gcf() print(fig.get_size_inches())
图例、标签、注释
- 中文、负号
from matplotlib import rcParams rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei' rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False - 各种添加图例的方法：matplotlib6 – 添加 图例 legend
- 多子图共用colorbar：Matplotlib 系列：colorbar 的设置
- 图例放在外侧
ax.legend(loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1)) # loc：图例定位点。bbox_to_anchor：定位点相对于图的位置 - 设置label
ax = plt.gca() ax.set_ylabel('Y', rotation=0, color='r', labelpad=10 # label到轴的距离，可以是负数 ) - 添加注释
ax.text(1, 1, "在图中坐标(1,1)处添加文字") ax.text(0.9, 0.8, "在ax的(90%, 80%)处添加文字", fontsize=12, transform=ax.transAxes) - 设置坐标轴
ax = plt.gca() # tick位置 ax.set_xticks([1,2,3,4]) # tick标签 ax.set_xticklabels(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], rotation=40, ha='right', rotation_mode='anchor' # 旋转+使标签的右上角对齐刻度 ) # tick字体大小，颜色 ax.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=12, colors='k' # 此处控制的是tick的label颜色，不是xlabel。 ) # 科学计数法 ax.ticklabel_format(axis="x", style="sci", scilimits=(0,0))
颜色
获取颜色
-
matplotlib
matplotlib颜色文档
# 获取颜色 plt.cm.Pastel1(0) # out: (0.984313725490196, 0.7058823529411765, 0.6823529411764706, 1.0) -
seaborn
seaborn颜色文档
# 获取颜色 sns.color_palette()[0] # out: (0.2980392156862745, 0.4470588235294118, 0.6901960784313725)
保存
fig.tight_layout(pad=0.2) # 调整子图之间、子图周围的填充大小
plt.savefig("filename", bbox_inches='tight') # 去除四周的白边
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1,1)
fig.savefig(**kwargs)
综合示例
子图+boxplot
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# 生成18条数据，3个一组画到6个子图里
data = [np.random.random(5)*np.random.randint(1,5) for i in range(18)]
title_list = [f"Subplot{i}" for i in range(1,7)]
# 定义颜色，用Pastel1色卡
colors=[plt.cm.Pastel1(i) for i in range(3)]
# 定义图例
labels = ['Series A', 'Series B', 'Series C']
# 设置子图数量、分辨率、大小、坐标轴
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 3, sharex=True, sharey=True, figsize=(6,4), dpi=100)
fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.3, wspace=0.3)
axes = axes.flatten() # axes是[n_row, n_col]形状的array，为了访问方便将其变为一维
for i in range(6):
p1 = axes[i].boxplot(data[i*3:(i+1)*3], labels=labels, patch_artist=True)
axes[i].set_title(title_list[i])
axes[i].get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
for box, c in zip(p1['boxes'], colors):
# 箱体边框颜色
# box.set(color=c, linewidth=1.5)
# 箱体内部填充颜色
box.set(facecolor=c)
# 图例
patches = []
for c, label in zip(colors, labels):
patch = mpatches.Patch(color=c, label=label)
patches.append(patch)
plt.legend(handles=patches, loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1)) # 将图例画在右侧。bbox_to_anchor(x, y)：将图例的loc位置放在整张图的(x,y)比例处
logscale+花式tick
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 读取数据的过程略，将数据读入df(pd.DataFrame)
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, dpi=300, figsize=(10,3))
fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.2)
axes[0].plot(df["time"], df["lat0"], label="Latitude 0°", color="black")
axes[0].plot(df["time"], df["lat30"], label="Latitude 30°", color="blue")
axes[0].plot(df["time"], df["lat60"], label="Latitude 60°", color="red")
axes[0].legend(loc='lower center', fontsize=8, edgecolor="black")
axes[0].set_ylabel("Surface temperature (K)", fontsize=10)
axes[0].set_xlabel("Local time", fontsize=10)
axes[0].xaxis.set_major_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(6))
axes[0].xaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1))
axes[0].yaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(10))
axes[0].tick_params(which="minor", top=True, right=True, length=1.5, width=0.5)
axes[0].tick_params(which="major", labelsize=8, top=True, right=True, length=3, width=0.8)
axes[0].text(1, 370, "(a)", fontsize=10)
axes[0].set_xlim([0, 24])
axes[0].set_ylim([50, 400])
axes[1].plot(df2["6 AM"], df2["depth"], color="blue", linewidth=0.8)
axes[1].text(60, 0.009, "6 AM", color="blue", fontsize=8)
axes[1].plot(df2["8 AM"], df2["depth"], color="gold", linewidth=0.8)
axes[1].text(290, 0.009, "8 AM", color="gold", fontsize=8)
axes[1].plot(df2["10 AM"], df2["depth"], color="orange", linewidth=0.8)
axes[1].text(340, 0.009, "10 AM", color="orange", fontsize=8)
axes[1].plot(df2["12 AM"], df2["depth"], color="cyan", linewidth=0.8)
axes[1].text(90, 0.009, "12 AM", color="cyan", fontsize=8)
axes[1].plot(df2["6 PM"], df2["depth"], color="lime", linewidth=0.8)
axes[1].text(130, 0.009, "6 PM", color="lime", fontsize=8)
axes[1].plot(df2["12 PM"], df2["depth"], color="red", linewidth=0.8)
axes[1].text(380, 0.009, "12 PM", color="red", fontsize=8)
# 坐标轴通用
axes[1].tick_params(which="minor", top=True, right=True, length=1.5, width=0.5)
axes[1].tick_params(which="major", labelsize=8, top=True, right=True, length=3, width=0.8)
# 谢谢大神 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6998697/in-matplotlib-how-do-you-display-an-axis-on-both-sides-of-the-figure
# x轴
axes[1].set_xlim([50, 400])
axes[1].xaxis.set_major_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(50))
axes[1].xaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(10))
axes[1].set_xlabel("Temperature (K)", fontsize=10)
# y轴
axes[1].set_ylim([0.01, 1])
axes[1].set_yscale("log")
axes[1].yaxis.set_major_formatter(ticker.FuncFormatter(lambda y, _: '{:g}'.format(y))) # log显示格式
# 谢谢大神 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21920233/matplotlib-log-scale-tick-label-number-formatting/21920673#21920673
axes[1].invert_yaxis() # y轴翻转
axes[1].set_ylabel("Depth (m)", fontsize=10)
axes[1].text(60, 0.015, "(b)", fontsize=10)
扫一扫
6843
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
