Python :=海象运算符

官网介绍：Assignment expressions（赋值表达式）
python 3.8 新特性网址：https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html
对比下面同一种功能，三种写法：

if (n := len(a)) > 10:
    print(f"List is too long ({n} elements, expected <= 10)")
#避免调用两次len()

if len(a) > 10:
    print(f"List is to long({len(a)} elements, expected <= 10)")
#这里要多次使用 len(a)

n = len(a)
if n > 10:
    print(f"List is to long({n} elements, expected <= 10)")
#这里多了赋值语句