Windows驱动资源的使用一

                   今天买了飞机票，好贵啊！2400又没了！没办法！该用的钱还是得用！

              上次讲到了，Windows驱动中的资源，今天着重讲一下，Windows资源，如何使用。关于中断，内存，IO这些，以后再讲。今天重点讲一下，总线驱动的引用。我们知道，在设备驱动中，经常会使用I2C，GPIO这些资源，但是我们如何进行操作了，当然，我们可以直接进行IO映射。直接I2C，GPIO地址进行操作，但是这种方式不安全，且MSFT不推荐。所以，MSFT在后来的CM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR结构体中，加上了如下结构体：

95.        struct { 
96.                  UCHAR Class; 
97.                  UCHAR Type; 
98.                  UCHAR Reserved1; 
99.                  UCHAR Reserved2; 
100.               ULONG IdLowPart; 
101.               ULONG IdHighPart; 
102.              } Connection;

              我们通过这个结构体，可以得到一个对我们配置资源总线的一个引用。即通过这个域，我们可以把它组成了一ID，通过这个ID，就可以和我们设备驱动底层的GPIO，I2C这些驱动进行通讯。

              下面贴出MSDN中的一个实例。

             

NTSTATUS
  EvtDevicePrepareHardware(
    _In_ WDFDEVICE Device,
    _In_ WDFCMRESLIST ResourcesRaw,
    _In_ WDFCMRESLIST ResourcesTranslated
    )
{
    int ResourceCount, Index;
    PCM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR Descriptor;
    XYZ_DEVICE_CONTEXT *DeviceExtension;

    ...

    DeviceExtension = XyzDrvGetDeviceExtension(Device);
    ResourceCount = WdfCmResourceListGetCount(ResourcesTranslated);
    for (Index = 0; Index < ResourceCount; Index += 1) {
        Descriptor = WdfCmResourceListGetDescriptor(ResourcesTranslated, Index);
        switch (Descriptor->Type) {

        //
        // GPIO I/O descriptors
        //

        case CmResourceTypeConnection:

            //
            // Check against expected connection type.
            //

            if ((Descriptor->u.Connection.Class == CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_CLASS_GPIO) &&
                (Descriptor->u.Connection.Type == CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_TYPE_GPIO_IO)) {

                DeviceExtension->ConnectionId.LowPart = Descriptor->u.Connection.IdLowPart;
                DeviceExtension->ConnectionId.HighPart = Descriptor->u.Connection.IdHighPart;

        ...

}

我们得到这个描述符。就可以进行和目标IO进行通讯了，继续看：

NTSTATUS IoRoutine(WDFDEVICE Device) 
{
    XYZ_DEVICE_CONTEXT *DeviceExtension;
    UNICODE_STRING ReadString;
    WCHAR ReadStringBuffer[100];
    WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes;
    WDF_IO_TARGET_OPEN_PARAMS OpenParams;
    WDFIOTARGET IoTarget;
    BOOL DesiredAccess;
    NTSTATUS Status;

    DeviceExtension = XyzDrvGetDeviceExtension(Device);
    RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&ReadString,
                              ReadStringBuffer,
                              sizeof(ReadStringBuffer));

    Status = RESOURCE_HUB_CREATE_PATH_FROM_ID(&ReadString,
                                              DeviceExtension->ConnectionId.LowPart,
                                              DeviceExtension->ConnectionId.HighPart);

    NT_ASSERT(NT_SUCCESS(Status));

    WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES_INIT(&ObjectAttributes);
    ObjectAttributes.ParentObject = Device;

    Status = WdfIoTargetCreate(Device, &ObjectAttributes, &IoTarget);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status)) {
        goto IoErrorEnd;
    }   

    if (ReadOperation != FALSE) {
        DesiredAccess = FILE_GENERIC_READ;
    } else {
        DesiredAccess = FILE_GENERIC_WRITE;
    }

    WDF_IO_TARGET_OPEN_PARAMS_INIT_OPEN_BY_NAME(&OpenParams, ReadString, DesiredAccess);

    Status = WdfIoTargetOpen(IoTarget, &OpenParams);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status)) {
        goto IoErrorEnd;
    }
    ...

再看实际的GPIO读写状态：

WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES RequestAttributes;
    WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES Attributes;
    WDF_REQUEST_SEND_OPTIONS SendOptions;
    WDFREQUEST IoctlRequest;
    WDFIOTARGET IoTarget;
    WDFMEMORY WdfMemory;
    NTSTATUS Status;

    WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES_INIT(&RequestAttributes);
    Status = WdfRequestCreate(&RequestAttributes, IoTarget, &IoctlRequest);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status)) {
        goto RwErrorExit;
    }

    //
    // Set up a WDF memory object for the IOCTL request.
    //

    WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES_INIT(&Attributes);
    Attributes.ParentObject = IoctlRequest;
    Status = WdfMemoryCreatePreallocated(&Attributes, Data, Size, &WdfMemory);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status)) {
        goto RwErrorExit;
    }

    //
    // Format the request.
    //

    if (ReadOperation != FALSE) {
        Status = WdfIoTargetFormatRequestForIoctl(IoTarget,
                                                  IoctlRequest,
                                                  IOCTL_GPIO_READ_PINS,
                                                  NULL,
                                                  0,
                                                  WdfMemory,
                                                  0);

    } else {
        Status = WdfIoTargetFormatRequestForIoctl(IoTarget,
                                                  IoctlRequest,
                                                  IOCTL_GPIO_WRITE_PINS,
                                                  WdfMemory,
                                                  0,
                                                  WdfMemory,
                                                  0);
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status)) {
        goto RwErrorExit;
    }

    //
    // Send the request synchronously (with a 60-second time-out).
    //

    WDF_REQUEST_SEND_OPTIONS_INIT(&SendOptions,
                                  WDF_REQUEST_SEND_OPTION_SYNCHRONOUS);
    WDF_REQUEST_SEND_OPTIONS_SET_TIMEOUT(&SendOptions,
                                         WDF_REL_TIMEOUT_IN_SEC(60));

    Status = WdfRequestAllocateTimer(IoctlRequest);
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status)) {
        goto RwErrorExit;
    }

    if (!WdfRequestSend(IoctlRequest, IoTarget, &SendOptions)) {
        Status = WdfRequestGetStatus(IoctlRequest);
    }

    ...

       我们再来看下Connection的MSDN的说明：

      先看Class:

     CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_CLASS_GPIO或者CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_CLASS_SERIAL

     再看Type：

    CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_TYPE_GPIO_IO或者CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_TYPE_SERIAL_I2C，CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_TYPE_SERIAL_SPI，CM_RESOURCE_CONNECTION_TYPE_SERIAL_UART

    IdLowPart：64位连接ID的低32位。

    IdHighPart：64位连接ID的高32位。

    我们可以举一反三，在I2C， SPI中都可以这样用，当然，有使用，MSFT为我们封装了后序的IOCTL的操作，比如，直接提供I2CReadRegister,或者I2CWriteRegister.