Windows驱动中的资源

               今天下雨，在下的时候，赶紧回来！还好呵呵，还是有点忙！又是加班的一天。

               今天介绍下Windows驱动中资源，资源就是硬件需要用的，我们知道，所有的这些资源，我们都是在ACPI的DSDT中分配的，包含IO地址，内存地址，中断号等等。硬件抽象层会根据我们所配置的资源，根据不同的芯片，来给我们外围的芯片分配这些资源。那么我们一般在驱动哪里接受这些资源呢？

               我们知道，在WDM中，接收IRP_MN_START_DEVICE的IRP的函数中，会得到系统分配的资源。例如如下的函数：

               NTSTATUS StartDevice(PDEVICE_OBJECT fdo,  PCM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_LIST raw,  PCM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_LIST translated)

               这里面最重要的就是这个PCM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_LIST，MSDN中给出了其定义：

               

typedef struct _CM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR {
    UCHAR  Type;
    UCHAR  ShareDisposition;
    USHORT  Flags;
    union {
        struct {
            PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  Start;
            ULONG  Length;
        } Generic;
        struct {
            PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  Start;
            ULONG  Length;
        } Port;
        struct {
#if defined(NT_PROCESSOR_GROUPS)
            USHORT  Level;
            USHORT  Group;
#else
            ULONG  Level;
#endif
            ULONG  Vector;
            KAFFINITY Affinity;
        } Interrupt;

        // This member exists only on Windows Vista and later
        struct {
            union {
               struct {
#if defined(NT_PROCESSOR_GROUPS)
                   USHORT  Group;
#else
                   USHORT  Reserved;
#endif
                   USHORT  MessageCount;
                   ULONG  Vector;
                   KAFFINITY  Affinity;
               } Raw;

               struct {
#if defined(NT_PROCESSOR_GROUPS)
                   USHORT  Level;
                   USHORT  Group;
#else
                   ULONG  Level;
#endif
                   ULONG  Vector;
                   KAFFINITY  Affinity;
               } Translated;        
            };
        } MessageInterrupt;
        struct {
            PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  Start;
            ULONG  Length;
        } Memory;
        struct {
            ULONG  Channel;
            ULONG  Port;
            ULONG  Reserved1;
        } Dma;
        struct {  
            ULONG Channel;  
            ULONG RequestLine;  
            UCHAR TransferWidth;  
            UCHAR Reserved1;  
            UCHAR Reserved2;  
            UCHAR Reserved3;  
        } DmaV3;
        struct {
            ULONG  Data[3];
        } DevicePrivate;
        struct {
            ULONG  Start;
            ULONG  Length;
            ULONG  Reserved;
        } BusNumber;
        struct {
            ULONG  DataSize;
            ULONG  Reserved1;
            ULONG  Reserved2;
        } DeviceSpecificData;
        // The following structures provide support for memory-mapped
        // IO resources greater than MAXULONG
        struct {
            PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  Start;
            ULONG  Length40;
        } Memory40;
        struct {
            PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  Start;
            ULONG  Length48;
        } Memory48;
        struct {
            PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  Start;
            ULONG  Length64;
        } Memory64;
        struct {
            UCHAR Class;
            UCHAR Type;
            UCHAR Reserved1;
            UCHAR Reserved2;
            ULONG IdLowPart;
            ULONG IdHighPart;
        } Connection;		  
    } u;
} CM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR, *PCM_PARTIAL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR;

          暂且不去理会这个结构体的成员，MSDN中有详细的说明。我们看WDF中如何接收资源的。在WDF中，一般我们会在创建设备对象的函数，来初始化这个函数指针。这个指针在哪里了？在WDF_PNPPOWER_EVENT_CALLBACKS的结构中，MSDN中就给出这个结构体的说明：             

         

typedef struct _WDF_PNPPOWER_EVENT_CALLBACKS {
    ULONG Size;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_D0_ENTRY  EvtDeviceD0Entry;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_D0_ENTRY_POST_INTERRUPTS_ENABLED  EvtDeviceD0EntryPostInterruptsEnabled;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_D0_EXIT  EvtDeviceD0Exit;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_D0_EXIT_PRE_INTERRUPTS_DISABLED
  EvtDeviceD0ExitPreInterruptsDisabled;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_PREPARE_HARDWARE  EvtDevicePrepareHardware;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_RELEASE_HARDWARE  EvtDeviceReleaseHardware;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_SELF_MANAGED_IO_CLEANUP  EvtDeviceSelfManagedIoCleanup;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_SELF_MANAGED_IO_FLUSH  EvtDeviceSelfManagedIoFlush;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_SELF_MANAGED_IO_INIT  EvtDeviceSelfManagedIoInit;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_SELF_MANAGED_IO_SUSPEND  EvtDeviceSelfManagedIoSuspend;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_SELF_MANAGED_IO_RESTART  EvtDeviceSelfManagedIoRestart;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_SURPRISE_REMOVAL  EvtDeviceSurpriseRemoval;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_QUERY_REMOVE  EvtDeviceQueryRemove;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_QUERY_STOP  EvtDeviceQueryStop;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_USAGE_NOTIFICATION  EvtDeviceUsageNotification;
    PFN_WDF_DEVICE_RELATIONS_QUERY  EvtDeviceRelationsQuery;
} WDF_PNPPOWER_EVENT_CALLBACKS, *PWDF_PNPPOWER_EVENT_CALLBACKS;   

         EvtDevicePrepareHardware就是这个函数指针。在WDF中，例如：    NTSTATUS    MarsEvtDevicePrepareHardware(WDFDEVICE Device,WDFCMRESLIST Resources,WDFCMRESLIST ResourcesTranslated)    接收到资源后，下一步就是取出来，一般来说，就是两个函数：WdfCmResourceListGetCount和WdfCmResourceListGetDescriptor。如果我们的设备是挂在某个总线上的，我们在ACPI中配置了总线的地址，我们在这里就可以得到通向总线的一个链接名，我们通过这个链接名就可以跟总线进行通讯，读或写等，这个详细的说明，我们放在WDFIOTARGET中详细说明。如果分配了内存，我们首先就需要调用MmMapIoSpace进行映射，才可以操作这段内存。中断都不用进行特殊的处理，因为我们会在之前就创建中断对象，这里我们只需要将中断的引用加1就可以。