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1 三维图像的绘制简介
Matplotlib使用和绘制二维图表:https://blog.csdn.net/ZGL_cyy/article/details/125705060
matplotlib支持绘制三维线框图, 三维曲面图, 三维散点图. 需要使用axes3d提供3d坐标系.
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
ax3d = mp.gca(projection='3d')
ax3d.plot_wireframe() # 绘制3d线框图
ax3d.plot_surface() # 绘制3d曲面图
ax3d.scatter() # 绘制3d散点图
2 三维线框图
ax3d.plot_wireframe(
x, y, # x,y网格点坐标矩阵
z, # z为每个坐标点的值
rstride=30, # 行跨距
cstride=30, # 列跨距
linewidth=1,
color=''
)
案例演示:
"""
三维线框图
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
# 生成网格点坐标矩阵
n = 1000
x, y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-3, 3, n),
np.linspace(-3, 3, n))
# 根据x,y 计算当前坐标下的z高度值
z = (1-x/2 + x**5 + y**3) * np.exp(-x**2 -y**2)
mp.figure('Wireframe', facecolor='lightgray')
ax3d = mp.gca(projection='3d')
ax3d.set_xlabel('X', fontsize=14)
ax3d.set_ylabel('Y', fontsize=14)
ax3d.set_zlabel('Z', fontsize=14)
ax3d.plot_wireframe(x, y, z, rstride=10,
cstride=10,color='dodgerblue')
mp.show()
3 三维曲面图
ax3d.plot_surface(
x, y, # x,y网格点坐标矩阵
z, # z为每个坐标点的值
rstride=30, # 行跨距
cstride=30, # 列跨距
cmap='jet'
)
案例演示:
"""
三维曲面图
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
# 生成网格点坐标矩阵
n = 1000
x, y = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(-3, 3, n),
np.linspace(-3, 3, n))
# 根据x,y 计算当前坐标下的z高度值
z = (1-x/2 + x**5 + y**3) * np.exp(-x**2 -y**2)
mp.figure('Surface', facecolor='lightgray')
ax3d = mp.gca(projection='3d')
ax3d.set_xlabel('X', fontsize=14)
ax3d.set_ylabel('Y', fontsize=14)
ax3d.set_zlabel('Z', fontsize=14)
ax3d.plot_surface(x, y, z, rstride=50,
cstride=50, cmap='jet')
mp.show()
4 三维散点图
ax3d.scatter(
x, y, z, # x,y,z 确定一组散点坐标
marker='', # 点型
s = 60, # 点的大小
edgecolor='', # 边缘色
facecolor='', # 填充色
zorder=3, # 绘制图层编号
c=d, # 设置过渡性颜色
cmap='jet' # 颜色映射
)
12345678910
案例演示:
"""
三维散点图
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d as axes3d
n = 500
x = np.random.normal(0, 1, n)
y = np.random.normal(0, 1, n)
z = np.random.normal(0, 1, n)
d = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2)
mp.figure('3D Scatter')
ax3d = mp.gca(projection='3d')
ax3d.set_xlabel('X', fontsize=14)
ax3d.set_ylabel('Y', fontsize=14)
ax3d.set_zlabel('Z', fontsize=14)
ax3d.scatter(x, y, z, s=60, alpha=0.6,
c=d, cmap='jet')
mp.show()
5 三维柱状图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
#构造需要显示的值
X=np.arange(0, 5, step=1)#X轴的坐标
Y=np.arange(0, 9, step=1)#Y轴的坐标
#设置每一个(X,Y)坐标所对应的Z轴的值,在这边Z(X,Y)=X+Y
Z=np.zeros(shape=(5, 9))
for i in range(5):
for j in range(9):
Z[i, j]=i+j
xx, yy=np.meshgrid(X, Y)#网格化坐标
X, Y=xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()#矩阵扁平化
bottom=np.zeros_like(X)#设置柱状图的底端位值
Z=Z.ravel()#扁平化矩阵
width=height=1#每一个柱子的长和宽
#绘图设置
fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.gca(projection='3d')#三维坐标轴
ax.bar3d(X, Y, bottom, width, height, Z, shade=True)#
#坐标轴设置
ax.set_xlabel('X')
ax.set_ylabel('Y')
ax.set_zlabel('Z(value)')
plt.show()
6 三维折线图
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
xs1 = np.ones(100)
ys1 = range(1, 101)
zs1 = np.zeros(100)
xs2 = np.ones(100) * 2
ys2 = range(1, 101)
zs2 = np.zeros(100)
xs3 = np.ones(100) * 3
ys3 = range(1, 101)
zs3 = np.zeros(100)
for i in range(21, 100):
zs3[i] = -0.22
xs4 = np.ones(100) * 4
ys4 = range(1, 101)
zs4 = np.zeros(100)
# Plot
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.plot(xs1, ys1, zs1, lw=2, color=[0.8, 0.33, 0])
ax.plot(xs2, ys2, zs2, lw=2, color=[0.33, 0.8, 0])
ax.plot(xs3, ys3, zs3, lw=2, color=[0, 0.5, 0.8])
ax.plot(xs4, ys4, zs4, lw=2, color=[0.8, 0.1, 0.5])
# ax.set_xlabel("X Axis")
# ax.set_ylabel("Y Axis")
# ax.set_zlabel("Z Axis")
# ax.set_title("Addective fault simulation")
plt.show()