定义
若 p p p 为素数, gcd ( a , p ) = 1 \gcd(a, p) = 1 gcd(a,p)=1,则 a p − 1 ≡ 1 ( m o d p ) a^{p - 1} \equiv 1 \pmod{p} ap−1≡1(modp)。
另一个形式:对于任意整数 a a a,有 a p ≡ a ( m o d p ) a^p \equiv a \pmod{p} ap≡a(modp)。
推广
a 998244353 − 1 ≡ 1 ( m o d 998244353 ) a^{998244353 - 1} \equiv 1 \pmod{998244353} a998244353−1≡1(mod998244353)
a ≡ a ( m o d 998244353 ) a\equiv a(mod 998244353) a≡a(mod998244353)
a ≡ a × 1 ( m o d 998244353 ) a \equiv a \times 1(mod 998244353) a≡a×1(mod998244353)
a ≡ a × a 998244353 − 1 ( m o d 998244353 ) a \equiv a \times a^{998244353 - 1}(mod 998244353) a≡a×a998244353−1(mod998244353)
a ≡ a 998244353 ( m o d 998244353 ) a \equiv a^{998244353}(mod 998244353) a≡a998244353(mod998244353)
a 998244353 − 1 ≡ 1 ( m o d 998244353 ) a ^{998244353 - 1} \equiv 1 \pmod{998244353} a998244353−1≡1(mod998244353)
1 a ≡ 1 a ( m o d 998244353 ) \dfrac{1}{a}\equiv \dfrac{1}{a}(mod 998244353) a1≡a1(mod998244353)
1 a ≡ ( 1 a ) × 1 ( m o d 998244353 ) \dfrac{1}{a} \equiv (\dfrac{1}{a}) \times 1(mod 998244353) a1≡(a1)×1(mod998244353)
1 a ≡ 1 a × a 998244353 − 1 ( m o d 998244353 ) \dfrac{1}{a} \equiv \dfrac{1}{a} \times a^{998244353 - 1}(mod 998244353) a1≡a1×a998244353−1(mod998244353)
1 a ≡ ( a 998244353 − 1 a ) ( m o d 998244353 ) \dfrac{1}{a} \equiv (\dfrac{a^{998244353 - 1}}{a})(mod 998244353) a1≡(aa998244353−1)(mod998244353)
1 a ≡ a 998244353 − 2 ( m o d 998244353 ) \dfrac{1}{a} \equiv a^{998244353 - 2}(mod 998244353) a1≡a998244353−2(mod998244353)
1 a ≡ a 998244351 ( m o d 998244353 ) \dfrac{1}{a} \equiv a^{998244351}(mod 998244353) a1≡a998244351(mod998244353)