Leetcode算法学习日志-684 Redundant Connection

Leetcode 684 Redundant Connection

题目原文

In this problem, a tree is an undirected graph that is connected and has no cycles.

The given input is a graph that started as a tree with N nodes (with distinct values 1, 2, ..., N), with one additional edge added. The added edge has two different vertices chosen from 1 to N, and was not an edge that already existed.

The resulting graph is given as a 2D-array of edges. Each element of edges is a pair [u, v] with u < v, that represents an undirected edge connecting nodes u and v.

Return an edge that can be removed so that the resulting graph is a tree of N nodes. If there are multiple answers, return the answer that occurs last in the given 2D-array. The answer edge [u, v] should be in the same format, with u < v.

Example 1:

Input: [[1,2], [1,3], [2,3]]
Output: [2,3]
Explanation: The given undirected graph will be like this:
  1
 / \
2 - 3

Example 2:

Input: [[1,2], [2,3], [3,4], [1,4], [1,5]]
Output: [1,4]
Explanation: The given undirected graph will be like this:
5 - 1 - 2
    |   |
    4 - 3

Note:

• The size of the input 2D-array will be between 3 and 1000.
• Every integer represented in the 2D-array will be between 1 and N, where N is the size of the input array.

题意分析

给定义一组点之间的链接关系，表示一个图，该图是由一棵树添加一条边得到的，添加边以前没有，因此一定得到一个圈。本题是无向图。

解法分析

本题采用了两种方法，

• 深度优先搜索
• Union Find（并查集）

深度优先搜索

该方法沿着树的一条路往下走，先保存第一个连接对的两个元素于set中，并将该对从集合中删除，重新遍历连接对集合，如果下一个连接对两个元素都在set中，说明走出了一个回路，返回该对即为结果；如果有一个元素在set中，则可以延这条路继续走，并将该对删除；如果两个都不在set中，则可以暂时跳过。C++代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> findRedundantConnection(vector<vector<int>>& edges) {
        unordered_set<int> attened;
        vector<int> res;
        if(edges.size()<3)
            return res;
        attened.insert(edges[0][0]);
        attened.insert(edges[0][1]);
        for(int i=1;i<edges.size();i++){
            if(attened.count(edges[i][0])&&attened.count(edges[i][1]))
                return edges[i];
            else if((!attened.count(edges[i][0]))&&(!attened.count(edges[i][1])))
                continue;  
            else{
                if(attened.count(edges[i][0]))
                    attened.insert(edges[i][1]);
                else
                    attened.insert(edges[i][0]);  
                edges.erase(edges.begin()+i);
                i=0;
            }  
        }    
    }
};

Union Find

并查集可以根据已经Union后形成的连接情况判断两个点是否连接，同时也可以在Union过程中判断两个点是否连接，以避免重复添加连接关系使他们连接成圈。本题最后添加的那个使得树产生圈的边就可以通过边union边检测的方式检查出来。C++代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    int find(int a,int *P){
        int res=a;
        while(res!=P[res])
            res=P[res];
        return res;   
    }
    vector<int> findRedundantConnection(vector<vector<int>>& edges) {
        int *parent=new int[edges.size()+1];
        for(int i=1;i<=edges.size();i++){
            parent[i]=i;  
        }  
        for(auto e:edges){
            if(find(e[0],parent)==find(e[1],parent))
                return e;
            parent[find(e[1],parent)]=find(e[0],parent);        
        }  
    }
};

union过程中是将find得到的根节点间确定新的父子关系。