opengl学习之如何创建我们自己的着色器类

创建Shader.h的头文件

#ifndef SHADER_H
#define SHADER_H
#include <glad/glad.h>; // 包含glad来获取所有的必须OpenGL头文件
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
class Shader
{
public:
	// 程序ID
	unsigned int ID;
	// 构造器读取并构建着色器
	Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fragmentPath)
	{
		// 1. 从文件路径中获取顶点/片段着色器
		std::string vertexCode;
		std::string fragmentCode;
		std::ifstream vShaderFile;
		std::ifstream fShaderFile;
		// 保证ifstream对象可以抛出异常：
		vShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
		fShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
		try
		{
			// 打开文件
			vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
			fShaderFile.open(fragmentPath);
			std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
			// 读取文件的缓冲内容到数据流中
			vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
			fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();
			// 关闭文件处理器
			vShaderFile.close();
			fShaderFile.close();
			// 转换数据流到string
			vertexCode = vShaderStream.str();
			fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();
		}
		catch (std::ifstream::failure& e)
		{
			std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
		}
		const char* vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str();
		const char* fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str();
		// 2.  编译着色器
		unsigned int vertex, fragment;
		// 顶点着色器
		vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
		glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
		glCompileShader(vertex);
		checkCompileErrors(vertex, "VERTEX");
		// fragment Shader
		fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
		glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
		glCompileShader(fragment);
		checkCompileErrors(fragment, "FRAGMENT");
		// shader Program
		ID = glCreateProgram();
		glAttachShader(ID, vertex);
		glAttachShader(ID, fragment);
		glLinkProgram(ID);
		checkCompileErrors(ID, "PROGRAM");
		// delete the shaders as they're linked into our program now and no longer necessary
		glDeleteShader(vertex);
		glDeleteShader(fragment);
	}
	// activate the shader
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void use()
	{
		glUseProgram(ID);
	}
	// utility uniform functions
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setBool(const std::string& name, bool value) const
	{
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), (int)value);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setInt(const std::string& name, int value) const
	{
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
	}
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void setFloat(const std::string& name, float value) const
	{
		glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value);
	}

private:
	// utility function for checking shader compilation/linking errors.
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	void checkCompileErrors(unsigned int shader, std::string type)
	{
		int success;
		char infoLog[1024];
		if (type != "PROGRAM")
		{
			glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
			if (!success)
			{
				glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
				std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER_COMPILATION_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
			if (!success)
			{
				glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
				std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- --------------------------------------------------- -- " << std::endl;
			}
		}
	}
};
#endif

在项目中添加顶点着色器文件VertexShader.glsl和片段着色器文件FragmentShader.glsl

顶点着色器文件代码

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;   // 位置变量的属性位置值为 0 
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor; // 颜色变量的属性位置值为 1

out vec3 ourColor; // 向片段着色器输出一个颜色

void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    ourColor = aColor; // 将ourColor设置为我们从顶点数据那里得到的输入颜色
}

片段着色器文件代码

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;  
in vec3 ourColor;

void main()
{
    FragColor = vec4(ourColor, 1.0);
}

主程序代码为

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include "Shader.h"
#include <iostream>
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
int main()
{
    // glfw: initialize and configure
    // ------------------------------
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

#ifdef __APPLE__
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif

    // glfw window creation
    // --------------------
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

    // glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
    // ---------------------------------------
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // build and compile our shader program
    // ------------------------------------
    Shader ourShader("VertexShader.glsl", "FragmentShader.glsl"); // you can name your shader files however you like

    // set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
    float vertices[] = {
        // positions         // colors
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  // bottom right
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // bottom left
         0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f   // top 
    };

    unsigned int VBO, VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // position attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    // color attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    // You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls won't accidentally modify this VAO, but this rarely happens. Modifying other
    // VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally don't unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when it's not directly necessary.
    // glBindVertexArray(0);


    // render loop
    // -----------
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // input
        // -----
        processInput(window);

        // render
        // ------
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        // render the triangle
        ourShader.use();
        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
        // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    // glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}

// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

可以参考

https://learnopengl-cn.github.io/01%20Getting%20started/05%20Shaders/

运行结果如下