hibernate之主键生成策略

1、hibernate的主键生成器

generator元素：表示了一个主键生成器，它用来为持久化类实例生成唯一的标识 。

2、hibernate准备工作

我们先导入hibernate需要的util类：SessionFactoryUtils.java
作用：
可以用来检测所写的映射文件是否正确

package com.zrh.two.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * 这个类在整合SSH框架之前用
 * 
 * 作用：
 * 		可以用来检测所写的映射文件是否正确
 * @author zrh
 *
 */
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
//	存放当前会话
	private static ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
	static {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
		Configuration configure = cfg.configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
		sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	public static Session openSession() {
		Session session = threadLocal.get();
		if (null == session) {
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
			threadLocal.set(session);
		}
		return session;
	}

	public static void closeSession() {
		Session session = threadLocal.get();
		if (null != session) {
			if (session.isOpen()) {
				session.close();
			}
			threadLocal.set(null);
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session session = openSession();
		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
		closeSession();
	}
	
}

导入两个需要的映射文件：
Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.zrh.two.entity.Student" table="t_hibernate_student">
		<id name="sid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="sid">
		<!--assigned程序员自己控制  -->
			<!-- <generator class="assigned" /> -->
<!-- 			<generator class="increment" /> -->  <!-- 自动找到最大的id -->
				<!--  数据库控制: identity(标识列/自动增长) sequence-->
			<generator class="identity" /> 
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" > <param name="sequence_name">aaa</param> 
				</generator> -->
			<!-- <generator class="com.javaxl.two.id.Myts" /> -->
		</id>
		<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String" column="sname">
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Worker.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.zrh.two.entity.Worker" table="t_hibernate_worker">
		<id name="wid" type="java.lang.String" column="wid">
		
			<!-- <generator class="assigned" /> -->
			<!-- <generator class="uuid" /> -->
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" > <param name="sequence_name">aaa</param> 
				</generator> -->
			<generator class="com.zrh.two.id.Myts" />
		</id>

		<property name="wname" type="java.lang.String" column="wname">
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping> 

两个实体类：
Student.java

package com.zrh.two.entity;

public class Student {
	private int sid;
	private String sname;
	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + "]";
	}
}

Worker.java

package com.zrh.two.entity;

public class Worker {
	private String wid;
	private String wname;
	public String getWid() {
		return wid;
	}
	public void setWid(String wid) {
		this.wid = wid;
	}
	public String getWname() {
		return wname;
	}
	public void setWname(String wname) {
		this.wname = wname;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Worker [wid=" + wid + ", wname=" + wname + "]";
	}
	

}

去主配置文件配置一下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
	
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">123</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
		</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

		<!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>

		<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
		<property name="format_sql">true</property>

		<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="com/zrh/one/entity/User.hbm.xml" />
		<!-- 讲解主键生成策略 -->
		<mapping resource="com/zrh/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="com/zrh/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml" />
		
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3、测试数据

我们该怎样测试表里的数据是怎样生成的呢？
1.写一个新增的方法，测试

程序员自己控制，无需Hibernate参与：assigned

package com.zrh.two.dao;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.zrh.two.entity.Student;
import com.zrh.two.entity.Worker;
import com.zrh.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;


public class DemoDao {
	/**
	 * 增加学生
	 * @param stu
	 * @return
	 */
	public Serializable addStudent(Student stu) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();//获取session对象
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();//开启session
		Serializable saveId = session.save(stu);//开始操作数据库
		transaction.commit();//提交事物
		session.close();
		return saveId;
	}
	
//	next_val
	
	/**
	 * 增加工人
	 * @param worker
	 * @return
	 */
	public Serializable addWorke(Worker worker) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();//获取session对象
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();//开启session
		Serializable saveId = session.save(worker);//开始操作数据库
		transaction.commit();//提交事物
		session.close();
		return saveId;
	}
	
	public static void testStudent(String[] args) {
		
		DemoDao dao = new DemoDao();
		Student stu = new Student();
		stu.setSid(20);
		stu.setSname("旺旺");
		System.out.println(dao.addStudent(stu));
		
	}

}

如果将 stu.setSid(20);注释掉是否会报错呢？
我的数据库sid是int类型的，这时会报错

理由：程序员自己控制，无需Hibernate参与：assigned，
与数据库无关

数据库控制: identity(标识列/自动增长) sequence

generator class=“identity”： 数据库控制
为什么增长的是24号呢？因为他走的是hibernate_sequence序列

hibernate控制:increment uuid/uuid.hex

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.zrh.two.entity.Student" table="t_hibernate_student">
		<id name="sid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="sid">
 			<generator class="increment" /> <!-- 与数据库无关，他会去找表里最大的id -->
				
		</id>
		<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String" column="sname">
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

使用它的前提是：identity(重点掌握) 数字，无需赋值
uuid.hex：由Hibernate基于128 位唯一值产生算法生成16 进制数值（编码后以长度32 的字符串表示）作为主键。
测试：

/**
	 * 测试
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		DemoDao dao = new DemoDao();
		Worker worker = new Worker();
		worker.setWname("打哈");
		System.out.println(dao.addWorke(worker));
		
	}

结果为：

4、自定义主键生成器

4.1 *.hbm.xml指定主键生成器类

4.2 创建主键生成器类
实现org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator接口即可,并还可以实现org.hibernate.id.Configurable接口来读取一些配置信息
PersistentIdentifierGenerator.TABLE
PersistentIdentifierGenerator.PK

package com.zrh.two.id;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SharedSessionContractImplementor;
import org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator;

public class Myts implements IdentifierGenerator{

	@Override
	public Serializable generate(SharedSessionContractImplementor session, Object object) throws HibernateException {
		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
		return "zrh_shop_book_"+sdf.format(new Date());
	}
}