单例模式

__new__方法实现

class Singleton(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, "_instance"):
            cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instance

for i in range(6):
    s = Singleton()
    print(s)
===========================================输出================================
<__main__.Singleton object at 0x7f50d2ba8c18>
<__main__.Singleton object at 0x7f50d2ba8c18>
<__main__.Singleton object at 0x7f50d2ba8c18>
<__main__.Singleton object at 0x7f50d2ba8c18>
<__main__.Singleton object at 0x7f50d2ba8c18>
<__main__.Singleton object at 0x7f50d2ba8c18>

元类方式实现

class Singleton(type):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._instance = None
        super(Single, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self._instance is None:
            self._instance = super(Single,self).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return self._instance

class Foo(object):
    __metaclass__ = Singleton

for i in range(6):
    print(Foo())

===============================输出===================================
<__main__.Foo object at 0x7f6c57b88550>
<__main__.Foo object at 0x7f6c57b88550>
<__main__.Foo object at 0x7f6c57b88550>
<__main__.Foo object at 0x7f6c57b88550>
<__main__.Foo object at 0x7f6c57b88550>
<__main__.Foo object at 0x7f6c57b88550>