Python学习笔记——第二章 变量和简单数据类型

《Python编程：从入门到实践》学习记录

1.变量的命名和使用

• 变量只能包含字母、数字和下划线。变量名能以字母和下划线打头，不能以数字打头
• 不能包含空格
• Python关键字和函数名不要作为变量
• 简洁并具有描述性
• 变量命名尽量用小驼峰法，如bigDataProcess

2.字符串

• 双引号或者单引号均可，这样你的字符串中可以包含引号和撇号
• 字符串方法——name.title()、name.upper()、name.lower()
• 在字符串中使用变量，一般用f 字符串，可以将f字符串赋值

firstName="ADE"
print(f'Hello,{firstName}')

• 制表符或换行符添加空白/n/t
• 删除空白firstName.rstrip()

3.数

• 整数——加(+)减(-)乘(*)除(/)

• 浮点数

• 整数和浮点数

  ①任意两个数相除，结果都是浮点数

  ②无论哪种运算，只要有浮点数，默认得到的结果总是浮点数

• 同时给多个变量赋值

  x, y, z = 0, 0, 0
  

• 常量

Python程序员通常会使用全大写来指出应该将某个变量视为常量，其值应始终不变：

MAX_CONNECTIONS = 5000

4.注释

• '#'
• 阐述代码要做什么，以及是如何做的，编写有意义的注释

5.Python之禅

>>import this
The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!