1、外观模式
根据迪米特法则,如果两个类不必彼此直接通信,那么这两个类就不应当发生直接的相互作用。
Facade模式也叫外观模式,是由GoF提出的23种设计模式中的一种。
Facade模式为一组具有类似功能的类群,比如类库、子系统等等,提供一个一致的简单的界面。这个一致的简单的界面被称作facade。
2、UML
- Facade: 系统对外的统一接口,系统内部系统地工作。
- SubSystemA,B,C,D: 子系统。
3、简单案例
(1)使用外观模式 整合 各个系统
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/*
外观模式就是将复杂的子类系统抽象到同一个的接口进行管理,
外界只需要通过此接口与子类系统进行交互,而不必要直接与复杂的子类
系统进行交互
*/
//子系统1
class SubSystem1
{
public:
void run()
{
cout << "子系统1运行......" << endl;
}
};
//子系统2
class SubSystem2
{
public:
void run()
{
cout << "子系统2运行......" << endl;
}
};
//子系统3
class SubSystem3
{
public:
void run()
{
cout << "子系统3运行......" << endl;
}
};
//子系统4
class SubSystem4
{
public:
void run()
{
cout << "子系统4运行......" << endl;
}
};
//外观类
class Facade
{
public:
//构造函数
Facade()
{
pSystem1 = new SubSystem1();
pSystem2 = new SubSystem2();
pSystem3 = new SubSystem3();
pSystem4 = new SubSystem4();
}
//析构函数
~Facade()
{
if (pSystem1 != NULL)
{
delete pSystem1;
pSystem1 = NULL;
}
if (pSystem2 != NULL)
{
delete pSystem1;
pSystem2 = NULL;
}
if (pSystem3 != NULL)
{
delete pSystem1;
pSystem3 = NULL;
}
if (pSystem4 != NULL)
{
delete pSystem1;
pSystem4 = NULL;
}
}
void runSystem()
{
pSystem1->run();
pSystem2->run();
pSystem3->run();
pSystem4->run();
}
private:
SubSystem1* pSystem1;
SubSystem2* pSystem2;
SubSystem3* pSystem3;
SubSystem4* pSystem4;
};
//客户端
void test01()
{
Facade* facade = new Facade();
facade->runSystem();
delete facade;
}
int main(int argc, int* argv[])
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
(2)
根据类图,实现家庭影院外观模式应用。
实现KTV模式:电视打开,灯关掉,音响打开,麦克风打开,dvd打开;
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//电视机类
class Television
{
public:
void On()
{
cout << "电视机打开......" << endl;
}
void Off()
{
cout << "电视机关闭......" << endl;
}
};
//灯
class Light
{
public:
void On()
{
cout << "灯打开......" << endl;
}
void Off()
{
cout << "灯关闭......" << endl;
}
};
//音响
class Audio
{
public:
void On()
{
cout << "音响打开......" << endl;
}
void Off()
{
cout << "音响关闭......" << endl;
}
};
//麦克风
class Microphone
{
public:
void On()
{
cout << "麦克风打开......" << endl;
}
void Off()
{
cout << "麦克风关闭......" << endl;
}
};
//DVD播放器
class DVDPlayer
{
public:
void On()
{
cout << "DVD播放器打开......" << endl;
}
void Off()
{
cout << "DVD播放器关闭......" << endl;
}
};
//游戏机
class GameMachine
{
public:
void On()
{
cout << "游戏机打开......" << endl;
}
void Off()
{
cout << "游戏机关闭......" << endl;
}
};
//KTV模式外观
class KTVMode
{
public:
//构造函数
KTVMode()
{
pTV = new Television;
pLight = new Light;
pAudio = new Audio;
pMicrophone = new Microphone;
pDVD = new DVDPlayer;
pGameMachine = new GameMachine;
}
//析构函数
~KTVMode()
{
if (pTV != NULL)
{
delete pTV;
pTV = NULL;
}
if (pLight != NULL)
{
delete pLight;
pLight = NULL;
}
if (pAudio != NULL)
{
delete pAudio;
pAudio = NULL;
}
if (pMicrophone != NULL)
{
delete pMicrophone;
pMicrophone = NULL;
}
if (pDVD != NULL)
{
delete pDVD;
pDVD = NULL;
}
if (pGameMachine != NULL)
{
delete pGameMachine;
pGameMachine = NULL;
}
}
//对外接口
void OnKTV()
{
pTV->On(); //电视打开
pLight->Off(); //灯关掉
pAudio->On(); //音响打开
pMicrophone->On(); //麦克风打开
pDVD->On(); //DVD打开
}
void OffKTV()
{
pTV->Off();
pLight->On();
pAudio->Off();
pMicrophone->Off();
pDVD->Off();
}
private:
Television* pTV;
Light* pLight;
Audio* pAudio;
Microphone* pMicrophone;
DVDPlayer* pDVD;
GameMachine* pGameMachine;
};
//客户端
void test02()
{
KTVMode* ktvMode = new KTVMode;
ktvMode->OnKTV();
cout << "*************************************************************" << endl;
ktvMode->OffKTV();
delete ktvMode;
}
int main(int argc,int* argv[])
{
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}