linux内核字节序转换和大小端

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软件需要在arm和powerpc上同时运行，所以需要考虑大小端转换，搜索了一下内核如何实现大小端转换的，首先在linux/byteorder/generic.h定义了统一的宏，

#define cpu_to_le64 __cpu_to_le64
#define le64_to_cpu __le64_to_cpu
#define cpu_to_le32 __cpu_to_le32
#define le32_to_cpu __le32_to_cpu
#define cpu_to_le16 __cpu_to_le16
#define le16_to_cpu __le16_to_cpu
#define cpu_to_be64 __cpu_to_be64
#define be64_to_cpu __be64_to_cpu
#define cpu_to_be32 __cpu_to_be32
#define be32_to_cpu __be32_to_cpu
#define cpu_to_be16 __cpu_to_be16
#define be16_to_cpu __be16_to_cpu
#define cpu_to_le64p __cpu_to_le64p
#define le64_to_cpup __le64_to_cpup
#define cpu_to_le32p __cpu_to_le32p
#define le32_to_cpup __le32_to_cpup
#define cpu_to_le16p __cpu_to_le16p
#define le16_to_cpup __le16_to_cpup
#define cpu_to_be64p __cpu_to_be64p
#define be64_to_cpup __be64_to_cpup
#define cpu_to_be32p __cpu_to_be32p
#define be32_to_cpup __be32_to_cpup
#define cpu_to_be16p __cpu_to_be16p
#define be16_to_cpup __be16_to_cpup
#define cpu_to_le64s __cpu_to_le64s
#define le64_to_cpus __le64_to_cpus
#define cpu_to_le32s __cpu_to_le32s
#define le32_to_cpus __le32_to_cpus
#define cpu_to_le16s __cpu_to_le16s
#define le16_to_cpus __le16_to_cpus
#define cpu_to_be64s __cpu_to_be64s
#define be64_to_cpus __be64_to_cpus
#define cpu_to_be32s __cpu_to_be32s
#define be32_to_cpus __be32_to_cpus
#define cpu_to_be16s __cpu_to_be16s
#define be16_to_cpus __be16_to_cpus

在内核little_endian.h和big_endian.h中定义了宏，

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/swab.h>

#define __constant_htonl(x) ((__force __be32)___constant_swab32((x)))
#define __constant_ntohl(x) ___constant_swab32((__force __be32)(x))
#define __constant_htons(x) ((__force __be16)___constant_swab16((x)))
#define __constant_ntohs(x) ___constant_swab16((__force __be16)(x))
#define __constant_cpu_to_le64(x) ((__force __le64)(__u64)(x))
#define __constant_le64_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u64)(__le64)(x))
#define __constant_cpu_to_le32(x) ((__force __le32)(__u32)(x))
#define __constant_le32_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u32)(__le32)(x))
#define __constant_cpu_to_le16(x) ((__force __le16)(__u16)(x))
#define __constant_le16_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u16)(__le16)(x))
#define __constant_cpu_to_be64(x) ((__force __be64)___constant_swab64((x)))
#define __constant_be64_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab64((__force __u64)(__be64)(x))
#define __constant_cpu_to_be32(x) ((__force __be32)___constant_swab32((x)))
#define __constant_be32_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab32((__force __u32)(__be32)(x))
#define __constant_cpu_to_be16(x) ((__force __be16)___constant_swab16((x)))
#define __constant_be16_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab16((__force __u16)(__be16)(x))
#define __cpu_to_le64(x) ((__force __le64)(__u64)(x))
#define __le64_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u64)(__le64)(x))
#define __cpu_to_le32(x) ((__force __le32)(__u32)(x))
#define __le32_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u32)(__le32)(x))
#define __cpu_to_le16(x) ((__force __le16)(__u16)(x))
#define __le16_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u16)(__le16)(x))
#define __cpu_to_be64(x) ((__force __be64)__swab64((x)))
#define __be64_to_cpu(x) __swab64((__force __u64)(__be64)(x))
#define __cpu_to_be32(x) ((__force __be32)__swab32((x)))
#define __be32_to_cpu(x) __swab32((__force __u32)(__be32)(x))
#define __cpu_to_be16(x) ((__force __be16)__swab16((x)))
#define __be16_to_cpu(x) __swab16((__force __u16)(__be16)(x))

具体实现则在swab.h中，随便看一个实现，__arch_swab64应该是利用cpu指令集做加速，否则用常规实现，这段代码可以移植到用户态使用。

/*
 * casts are necessary for constants, because we never know how for sure
 * how U/UL/ULL map to __u16, __u32, __u64. At least not in a portable way.
 */
#define ___constant_swab16(x) ((__u16)(				\
	(((__u16)(x) & (__u16)0x00ffU) << 8) |			\
	(((__u16)(x) & (__u16)0xff00U) >> 8)))

#define ___constant_swab32(x) ((__u32)(				\
	(((__u32)(x) & (__u32)0x000000ffUL) << 24) |		\
	(((__u32)(x) & (__u32)0x0000ff00UL) <<  8) |		\
	(((__u32)(x) & (__u32)0x00ff0000UL) >>  8) |		\
	(((__u32)(x) & (__u32)0xff000000UL) >> 24)))

#define ___constant_swab64(x) ((__u64)(				\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0x00000000000000ffULL) << 56) |	\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0x000000000000ff00ULL) << 40) |	\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0x0000000000ff0000ULL) << 24) |	\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0x00000000ff000000ULL) <<  8) |	\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0x000000ff00000000ULL) >>  8) |	\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0x0000ff0000000000ULL) >> 24) |	\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0x00ff000000000000ULL) >> 40) |	\
	(((__u64)(x) & (__u64)0xff00000000000000ULL) >> 56)))

...

static inline __attribute_const__ __u64 __fswab64(__u64 val)
{
#if defined (__arch_swab64)
	return __arch_swab64(val);
#elif defined(__SWAB_64_THRU_32__)
	__u32 h = val >> 32;
	__u32 l = val & ((1ULL << 32) - 1);
	return (((__u64)__fswab32(l)) << 32) | ((__u64)(__fswab32(h)));
#else
	return ___constant_swab64(val);
#endif
}