Servlet
1.1 Servlet 简介
- Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
- Sun在这些API中提供一个接口叫做:Servlet,如果你想开发一个Servlet程序,只需要完成2个小步骤
- 编写一个类,实现Servlet接口
- 把开发好的java类部署到web服务器中
把实现了Servlet接口的java教程叫做,Servlet
1.2 HelloServlet
Serlvet接口sun公司有2个默认的实现类: HttpServlet,GenericServlet
-
构建一个普通的maven项目,删掉里面的
src
,以后学习都在Moudel中;这个空的工程就是Maven主工程 -
关于Maven父子工程
父项目中会有:
<modules> <module>servlet-01</module> </modules>
子项目中会有
<parent> <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent>
父项目中的java子项目可以直接使用,子的项目父不能用
son extends father
-
Maven环节优化
-
修改子项目
src->main->webapp->WEB-INF->web.xml
为最新的<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0" metadata-complete="true"> </web-app>
2.将maven的结构搭建完整
-
-
编写一个Servlet程序
-
编写一个普通类
-
实现Servlet接口,这里我们直接继承HttpServlet
package cn.edu.zjnu; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; @WebServlet(name = "HelloServlet", value = "/HelloServlet") public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();//响应流 writer.print("hello,Serlvet"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request,response); } }
-
-
编写Servlet的映射
为什么需要映射:我们写的是JAVA程序,但是要通过浏览器访问,而浏览器需要需要连接web服务器,所以我们需要在web服务器中注册我们写的Servlet,还需要给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径。
<!--注册Servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.edu.zjnu.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet-mapping的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- 配置Tomcat
注意:配置项目的发布路径就好了 - 启动测试。OK
1.3 Servlet原理
Servlet是由Web服务器调用,web服务器在收到浏览器的请求之后,
简言之,浏览器通过web容器生成Request 和Response 2个对象,调用Servlet中的service方法,将处理完的Response结果返回给响应体,再由Web容器读取响应相信给浏览器
1.4 Mapping问题
-
一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
-
自定义后缀或者前缀等等…
注意点 ,*前面不能加映射的路径
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.qinjiang</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
1.5 优先级问题
指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高,如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求。
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.edu.zjnu.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet-mapping的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
1.6 ServletContext(下面的作用,都会被顶替掉)
web容器在启动的时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext,它代表了当前的web应用;
1、共享数据(被session或者request代替)
我在这个Servlet中保存的数据,可以再另外一个Servlet中拿到
//HelloServet
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet(name = "HelloServlet", value = "/HelloServlet")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// this.getInitParameter() //初始化参数.可以直接在web.xml中配
// this.getServletConfig() //servlet配置
// this.getServletContext() //servlet 上下文
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String username = "小飞飞";//数据
context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在了servletcontext中,名字为:username,值为username
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
//GetServlet
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String username =(String) context.getAttribute("username");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
writer.println("usrname:"+username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
web.xml配置内容如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>getusername</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>getusername</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2、获取初始化参数(几乎不用)
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
</context-param>
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
Enumeration<String> itxs = context.getInitParameterNames();
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
writer.println(url);
}
}
3、请求转发(用request做)
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
context.getRequestDispatcher("/demo1").forward(req,resp);
// resp.sendRedirect("http://baidu.com");
}
}
4、读取资源文件(类加载或反射去做)
Properties
- 在java目录下新建properties
- 在resources目录下新建properties
发现:都被打包到同一路径下:Classes,我们俗称这个路径为classpath
将aa.Properties放到Resources文件夹中
username=test
password=123456
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
@WebServlet(name = "ServletDemo3", value = "/ServletDemo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
InputStream is = context.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/aa.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(is);
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("username" + username + "password" + password);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
1.7HttpServletResponse
web服务器接收到客户端的Http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse;
- 我们如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数,找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse
1、简单分类
负责向浏览器发送的方法:
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void setStatus(int var1);
响应的状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2、常用应用
- 向浏览器输出消息
- 下载文件
- 要获取下载文件的路径
- 下载的文件名是啥
- 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
- 获取下载文件的输入流
- 创建缓冲区
- 获取OutPutStream对象
- 将FileOutStream流写入到缓冲区
- 使用OutPutStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// - 要获取下载文件的路径
// String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/classes/com/1.xls");//这个文件地址不对
String realPath = "C:\\Users\\tianzhi\\IdeaProjects\\javaweb-02-servlet\\Servlet-03\\target\\Servlet-03\\WEB-INF\\classes\\1.xls";
System.out.println("要下载的文件路径:" + realPath);
// - 下载的文件名是啥
String filename = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
// - 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码,否则会乱码
resp.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8"));
// - 获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
// - 创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// - 获取OutPutStream对象
ServletOutputStream ops = resp.getOutputStream();
// - 将FileOutStream流写入到缓冲区,使用OutPutStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) > 0) {
ops.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 关闭流
ops.close();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
3、 验证码功能
验证怎么来的?
- 前端实现
- 后端实现,需要用到java的图片类
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
@WebServlet(name = "ImageServlet", value = "/ImageServlet")
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
response.setHeader("refresh", "3");
//在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//得到空白图片
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//笔
//设置图片的背景图片
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 20);
//给图片写数据
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.setFont(new Font(null, Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
//网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存
response.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//把图片写个浏览器
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
}
private String makeNum() {
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999) + "";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 4 - num.length(); i++) {
sb.append("0");
}
String s = sb.toString() + num;
return s;
}
}
4、实现重定向
B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后,B会通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源,这个过程要重定向
1.8HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;
1、获取参数,请求转发
面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别?
相同点:
- 页面都会实现跳转
不同点: - 请求转发的时候,url不会产生变化
1.9 session和cookie
会话
会话:用户打开一个浏览器,电机了很多超链接,访问多个web资源,关闭浏览器,这个过程可以称之为会话
有状态会话:一个同学来过教师,下次再来教师,我们会知道这个同学,曾经来过,称之为有状态会话
- 服务器给客户端一个新建,客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就行了:cookie
- 服务器登记你来过,下次你来的时候我来匹配你;session
保存会话的两种技术
- Cookie
客户端技术(响应,请求) - session
服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息?我们可以把信息或者数据放在session中
Cookie
1、从请求中拿到cookie信息
2、服务器响应给客户端cookie
cookie:一般会保存在本地的用户目录appdata中
cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//获得Cookie
cookie.getName();//获得cookie中的key
cookie.getvalue();//获得cookie中的value
new cookie("lastlogintime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");//新建cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//设置cookie的有效期
resp.addcookie(cookie);//响应给客户端一个cookie
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
public class CookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器,告诉你,你来的时候,我把这个时间封装成一个信件,你下带来,我就知道你来了
request.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
response.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//cookie,服务器端从客户端获取;
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();//这里返回数组,说明cookie可能存在多个
//判断cookie是否存在
if (cookies != null) {
//如果存在怎么办
out.write("你上次访问的时间是:");
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获得cookie的名字
if (cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")) {
//获取cookie中的值
System.out.println("====获取=====");
String value = cookie.getValue();
long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(value);
Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());
System.out.println("==========");
} else {
System.out.println(cookie);
}
}
} else {
out.write("这是你第一次访问本站");
//服务给客户端响应一个cookie
}
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis() + "");
//设置有效期1天
cookie.setMaxAge(24 * 60 * 60);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
编码解码:
URLEncoder.encode("秦江","utf-8")
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getvalue(),"UTF-8")
Session(重点)
什么是Session:
- 服务器会给每个用户(浏览器)创建一个Session对象
- 一个Session独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个Session就存在
- 用户登录之后,整个网站它都可以访问----->保存用户的信息
Session和cookie的区别:
- Cookie是吧用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存(可以保存多个)
- Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中,服务器端保存(保存重要的信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
- Session对象是由服务器端
使用场景:
- 保存一个登录用户的信息;
- 购物车信息
- 在整个网站中经常会使用的数据,我们将来保存在Session中
//存储session中的信息
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给session中存东西
session.setAttribute("name","秦江");
//获取session的ID
String id = session.getId();
//判断session是不是新创建
if (session.isNew()) {
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID:" + id);
} else {
resp.getWriter().write("session已在服务器中存在了,ID:"+id);
}
// //session创建时做了什么事
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", id);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
}
//获取session保存的属性
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
String person =(String) req.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
//销毁session中的属性
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute("name");
//手动注销Session
session.invalidate();
}
}
//会话自动过期在web.xml中配置
<!--设置Session默认的失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!--15分钟后Session自动失效,以分钟为单位-->
<session-timeout>15<session-timeout>
<session-config>
1.91 javaBEAN
又叫实体类
javaBean有特定的写法:
- 必须要有一个无参构造
- 属性必须私有化
- 必须有对应的get/set方法
一般用来和数据库的字段做映射 ORM;
ORM:对象关系映射
- 表–>类
- 字段—>属性
- 行记录—>对象
people表
id | name | age | address |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 启发式 | 3 | 西安 |
2 | 范德萨 | 18 | 西安 |
3 | 范的 | 100 | 西安 |
class people{
private intid;
private String name;
private int id;
private String address;
}
class A{
new People(1,"启发式",3,"西安");
new People(2,"范德萨",18,"西安");
new People(3,"范的",100,"西安");
}
2.0、 MVC三层框架
什么是MVC: Model,View,Controller;模型、视图、控制器
早些年
用户直接访问控制层,控制层就直接可以操作数据库
servlet--->CRUD--->数据库
弊端:程序十分臃肿,不利于维护
Servlet的代码中:处理请求、响应、视图跳转、处理JDBC、处理业务代码、处理逻辑代码
架构:没有什么是加一层解决不了的
现在 MVC三层架构
Model
- 业务逻辑:业务逻辑(Service)
- 数据持久层:CRUD(dao)
view
- 展示数据
- 提供链接发起Servlet(a,form,img)
Controller
-
接收用户的请求:(req:请求参数、Session信息)
-
交给业务层处理对应的代码
-
控制视图的跳转
登录---->接收用户的登录请求--->处理用处的请求(获取用户登录的参数,username,password)----->交给业务层处理登录业务(判断用户用户密码是否正确:事物)------>DAO层查询用户和密码是否正确--->数据库
2.1 Filter
Filter: 过滤器,用来过滤网站的数据
- 处理中文乱码
- 登录验证。。
/com.kuang/Servletdemo
package com.kuang;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
@WebServlet(name = "Servletdemo", value = "/Servletdemo")
public class Servletdemo extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.write("你好");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
// filter/Filterdemo
package filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(filterName = "Filterdemo")
public class Filterdemo implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
}
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
System.out.println("====初始化开始");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
System.out.println("===初始化结束");
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>filter</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.Servletdemo</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>filter</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/filt</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>filter</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/fila</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>charen</filter-name>
<filter-class>filter.Filterdemo</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>charen</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/filt</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2.2 监听器
实现一个监听器的接口:
//java
package listener;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
@WebListener
public class ListenerDemo implements ServletContextListener, HttpSessionListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener {
public ListenerDemo() {
}
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
/* This method is called when the servlet context is initialized(when the Web application is deployed). */
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
/* This method is called when the servlet Context is undeployed or Application Server shuts down. */
}
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
System.out.println("=========");
ServletContext sc = se.getSession().getServletContext();
Integer onlinecount = (Integer) sc.getAttribute("onlinecount");
System.out.println(onlinecount);
if (onlinecount == null) {
onlinecount =new Integer(0);
} else {
onlinecount=new Integer(onlinecount.intValue()+1);
}
System.out.println(onlinecount);
sc.setAttribute("onlinecount", onlinecount);
}
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
/* Session is destroyed. */
}
@Override
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
/* This method is called when an attribute is added to a session. */
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
/* This method is called when an attribute is removed from a session. */
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
/* This method is called when an attribute is replaced in a session. */
}
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>当前在线人数
<span><%=request.getServletContext().getAttribute("onlinecount")%></span>
人
</h1>
</body>
</html>
2.3Filter实现权限拦截
LoginServlet.java
Login.jsp
error.jsp
LogoutServlet.java
SySFilter.java