PMP学习笔记 10--11章 —— 领英 【Cert Prep: Project management professional（PMP）】

Project Quality Management

Project quality management overview

Arc critic, John Ruskin: “Quality is never an accident, it’s always the result of intelligent effort.”

Tasks of Quality Management:

1. Processes explain how to build a product or service.
2. Quality is built into the product or service.

Relationship:

Plan Quality Management

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Project charter
2. Risk management plan
3. Stakeholder engagement plan
4. Requirements management plan
5. Scope baseline
   1. Scope statement
   2. Acceptance criteria
6. Stakeholder register
7. Risk register
8. Assumption log
9. Requirements documentation
10. Requirements traceability matrix
11. EEFs
12. OPAs

Tools&Techniques

1. Data gathering
   1. Brainstorming
   2. Benchmarking
   3. Lessons learned
   4. Performance measures
   5. Interviews with stakeholders
2. Data analysis
   1. Cost benefit analysis
      Looks at whether implementing quality process is cost-effective, such as prevention, appraisal and failure cost.
   2. Cost of quality
      Used to figure out the cost incurred to ensure quality.
3. Data representation
   1. Flowcharts
   2. Logical data models
   3. Matrix diagrams
   4. Mind mapping
4. Test and inspection planning
5. Decision making
6. Expert judgment
7. Meetings

Output

1. Quality management plan
2. Quality metrics
3. Project management plan updates
4. Project documents updates.

Manage Quality (Quality Assurance)

Manage Quality	Control Quality
Following key processes	Making sure the product meets quality specifications

Manage quality and control quality are often done in parallel.

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Quality management plan
2. Quality metrics
3. Quality control measurements
4. Lessons learned register
5. Risk report
6. OPAs

Tools&Techniques

1. Data gathering
   1. Checklists
2. Data analysis
   1. Alternatives analysis
   2. Document analysis
   3. Process analysis
   4. Root cause analysis
3. Data representation
   1. Affinity diagrams
   2. Cause-and-effect diagrams
   3. Matrix diagrams
   4. Scatter diagrams
   5. Histograms
   6. Flowcharts
4. Audits
5. Design for X (Design of experiments)
   A set of technical guidelines used during the design of a product for optimization of a specific aspect, like safety.
6. Problem solving
7. Quality improvement methods
   Use plan-do-check-act and six-sigma to improve processes.

Output

1. Quality reports
2. Test and evaluation documents
   1. Checklsits
   2. Requirement traceability matrix
3. Change reqursts
4. Project managemnet plan updates
5. Project documents updates

Control Quality

Ensure the product meets quality standards.

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Quality management plan
2. Quality metrics
3. Test and evaluation documents
4. Work performance data
5. Approved change requests
6. Deliverables
7. Lessons learned register
8. EEFs
9. OPAs

Tools&Techniques

1. Data gathering
   1. Checklists
   2. Check sheets
   3. Statistical sampling
   4. Questionnaires and surveys
2. Data analysis
   1. Performance reviews
   2. Root cause analysis
3. Inspection
4. Testing and product evaluations
   Are performed on the product or service to see if there are any non-conformances.
5. Data representation
   1. Cause-and-effect diagrams
   2. Histograms
   3. Control charts
   4. Scatter diagrams

Output

1. Quality control measurements
   The documented results of the control quality activities.
2. Verified deliverables
   Make sure the product or service was built correctly.
3. Work performance information
4. Change requests
5. Project management plan updates
6. Project documents updates

Project Resource Management

Project resource management overview

Team Influences the project manager should be aware of:

1. Environment
2. Locations
3. Communications
4. Internal and external politics
5. Cultural issues
6. Organizational uniqueness
7. Interaction of the project manager
8. Self-organizing team members

Emotional Intelligence: Awareness of how you express emotions and handle interpersonal relationships

Plan Resource Management

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Scope baseline
2. Project charter
3. Quality management plan
4. Project schedule
5. Requirements documentation
6. Risk register
7. Stakeholder register
8. EEFs
9. OPAs

Tools&Techniques

1. Data representation
   1. Hierarchical charts
      1. Work Breakdown Structure
      2. Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS)
      3. Roganizational Breakdown Structure
      4. Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
      5. Text-Oriented Formats
2. Organizational theory
3. Expert judgement
4. Meetings

Output

1. Resource managemnet plan
2. Project organization chart
3. Project team resource management
4. Training
5. Team development
6. Recognition plan
7. Team charter
   Documents the team values, agreements, and operation guidelines for the team
8. Project documents updates

Estimate Activity Resources

Rsources can be anything from human resources, materials and equipment.

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Resource management plan
2. Scope baseline
3. Activity list
4. Activity attributes
5. Cost estimates
6. Rsource calendars
7. Risk register
8. EEFs
9. OPAs
10. Assumption log

Tools&Techniques

1. Alternatives analysis
2. Bottom-up estimating
3. Analogous estimating
4. Parametric estimating
5. Expert judgement
6. Meetings
7. Project management information system

Output

1. Resource requirements
   Identifies the types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work package.
2. Resource breakdown structure (RBS)
3. Basis of estimates
4. Project documents updates

Acquire Resources

Resource factors

1. Use your influence and negotiation skills to obtain the best resources
2. Consider acquiring someone with different skills if the required human resources aren’t available.

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Resource management plan
2. Procurement management plan
   Details how external resources will be acquired.
3. Cost baseline
4. Stakeholder register
5. Project schedule
6. Resource calendars
7. Resource requirements
8. EEFs
9. OPAs

Tools&Techniques

1. Pre-assignment
   Team members are named in advance of the project starting.
2. Interpersonal and team skills
3. Virtual teams
4. Decision making
   1. Multicriteria decision analysis

Output

1. Physical resource assignments
2. Project team assignments
3. Resource calendars
4. EEFs updates
5. OPAs updates
6. Change requests
7. Project documents updates
8. Project management plan updates

Develop Team

Objectives:

1. Imporve the team’s knowledge and skills to reduce costs and improve quality.
2. Increase teamwork by building trust and agreement
3. Create a dynamic, cohesive, and collaborative team culture.
4. Empower the team to make their own decisions.

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Resource management plan
2. Project schedule
3. Project team assignments
4. Resource calendars
5. Team charter
6. EEFs
7. OPAs
8. Lessons learned register

Tools&Techniques

1. Interpersonal and team skills
   1. Conflict resolution
   2. Influence
   3. Team building
   4. Motivation
   5. Negotiation
2. Training
3. Colocation
   Team members are physically located close to one another to imporve communication and productivity.
4. Virtual teams
5. Communication technology
   1. Shared online portal
   2. Audio and video conferencing
   3. Email and chat
6. Recognition and rewards
7. Individual and team assessments
8. Meetings

Output

1. Team performance assessments (For the team and not the individuals)
2. Change requests
3. Project management plan updates
4. Project documents updates
5. EEFs updates
6. OPAs updates

Manage Team

This process includes tracking tram members performance and making sure that everyone works well together by having good communication skills and strong leadership. It also means resolving issues or conflicts and providing feedback to the team.

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Resource management plan
2. Team performance assessments
3. Issue log
4. Work performance reports
5. Team charter
6. Lessons learned register
7. EEFs
8. OPAs

Tools&Techniques

1. Interpersonal and team skills
   1. Conflict management
      Critical to have when dealing with project teams. It’s inevitable, teams will have conflict. So being able to resolve problems as soon as possible is key to project performance.
      Filve ways for resolving conflict
      1. Collaborate-problem solve
      2. Compromise-reconcile
      3. Force-direct
      4. Smooth-accommodata
      5. Withdraw-avoid
         Withdrawing or avoiding the situation until later.
2. Decision making
   Involves the ability to negotiate and influence the organization.
3. Emotional intelligence
4. Influencing
5. Leadership
6. Project management information system (PMIS)

Output

1. Change request (major)
2. Project management plan updates
3. Project documents updates
4. EEFs updates

Control Resources

ITTOs

Inputs

1. Resource management plan
2. Physical resource assignments
3. Project schedule
4. Resource breakdown structure
5. Resource requirements
6. Issue log
7. Work performance data
8. Risk register
9. Agreements
   Agreements = Contracts, they are synonymous with each other
10. Lessons learned register
11. OPAs

Tools&Techniques

1. Data analysis
   1. Alternatives analysis
   2. Cost-benefit analysis
   3. performance reviews
   4. trend analysis
2. Problem solving
   1. Identify and define the problem
   2. Investigate the issues
   3. Analyze the situation
   4. Come up with a solution
   5. Check the solution.
3. Interpersonal and team skills
   1. Negotiation
   2. Influencing
4. Project management informance system (PMIS)

Output

1. Change requests
2. Work performance informance
3. Project management plan updates
4. Project documents updates