数据结构与算法基础(王卓)(1):(抽象数据类型)复数的实现(定义实现、赋值、计算)

目录

标准答案:

一:typedef struct 

赋值

将该程序补充完整:

最后,我们再来补充完整标准答案中没有写的主函数:(具体实例实际具体运算部分)

但是为啥运行不出来嘞???


题目位于:1.3;PPT:第一章29;

标准答案:

(来源自数据结构与算法基础(青岛大学——王卓) note_Tarench的博客-CSDN博客

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct {
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
}Complex;

/*函数声明*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag);  //赋值
//加减乘除
void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);     
void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void mutiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);

/*函数实现*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag)
{
	A->realpart = real;
	A->imagpart = imag;
}

void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart + B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart + B.imagpart;
}

void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart - B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart - B.imagpart;
}

void mutiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart * B.realpart - A.imagpart * B.imagpart;
	C->imagpart = A.realpart * B.imagpart + A.imagpart * B.realpart;
}

void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = (A.realpart * B.realpart + A.imagpart * B.imagpart) / (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
	C->imagpart = (B.realpart * A.imagpart - B.imagpart * A.realpart) / (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
}

(学习该块知识过程中)碰到的之前没学过的,之前不会的新学的,零碎的知识点和问题:

一:typedef struct 

(1):这是个什么东西?

(2):这个typedef总感觉之前学习C++模块的基础知识时好像看到过

但是具体在哪里真的学过翻书翻了半天好像又找不出来

(3):之前我们在C++里面学习定义一个新的类型(结构体)时不都是用:

struct <新建类型名>

的格式吗?

关于typedef struct的详细解释,详见:typedef struct_宇 -Yu的博客-CSDN博客

在这里,简单来说,我们只需要知道: 模块

typedef struct {
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
}Complex;

等价于

struct Complex {
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
};

最终(已经实践验证)结果一样,把这里的typedef struct模块替换为我们熟悉的struct格式的模块即可;


将大段程序简化拆解(把五种运算拆开来一个一个说):

赋值

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Complex
{//复杂的<复数>
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
};
/*函数声明*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag);  //赋值

/*函数实现(定义)*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag)
{
	A->realpart = real;
	A->imagpart = imag;
}

给复数赋值部分,程序运行步骤相当于:

    (A->realpart) = real;
    (A->imagpart) = imag;

即:

第一个语句:

指针A访问结构体中的realpart部分

相当于(A->realpart)就是(代表)complex结构体中的realpart实数型变量,把这一部分调用出来

并且(然后),把函数给出的实参real赋给这个realpart部分

同样的,第二个语句:

指针A访问结构体中的imagpart部分

相当于(A->imagpart)就是(代表)complex结构体中的imagpart实数型变量,把这一部分调用出来

并且(然后),把函数给出的实参imag赋给这个imagpart部分

于是,赋值操作就完成啦


将该程序补充完整:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Complex
{//复杂的<复数>
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
};
/*函数声明*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag);  //赋值

/*函数实现(定义)*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag)
{
	(A->realpart) = real;
	(A->imagpart) = imag;
}
int main()
{ 
	Complex n;
	Complex* p = &n;
	assign(p, 1, 2);
	cout << "该复数等于:"<<p->realpart<<"+"<<p->imagpart<<"i"<<endl;
}

结果:

 至于后面其他的加减乘除的函数定义,和赋值部分相似

(用“->”调用出所输出结果的实部/虚部部分,然后再针对该部分的运算规则分别给其赋值)

在此不再赘述,唯一有一点需要说明的,就是关于复数的除法公式:(如下)

另外,在除法运算中其实还默认要求分母不等于0,补充程序为:(标准答案multiply打错了)

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct //复杂的<复数>
{
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
}Complex;

/*函数声明*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag);  //赋值
//加减乘除
void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void mutiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);

/*函数实现*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag)
{
	A->realpart = real;
	A->imagpart = imag;
}

void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart + B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart + B.imagpart;
}

void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart - B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart - B.imagpart;
}

void multiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart * B.realpart - A.imagpart * B.imagpart;
	C->imagpart = A.realpart * B.imagpart + A.imagpart * B.realpart;
}

void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	while (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart != 0)
	C->realpart = (A.realpart * B.realpart + A.imagpart * B.imagpart) / (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
	C->imagpart = (B.realpart * A.imagpart - B.imagpart * A.realpart) / (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
}

最后,我们再来补充完整标准答案中没有写的主函数:(具体实例实际具体运算部分)

以PPT中的具体运算为例

void 输出结果(Complex a)
{
	cout << "结果为: " << a.realpart 
		<< "+" << a.imagpart << "i;" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex z1, z2,a,m,result;
	assign(&z1, 8, 6);
	assign(&z2, 4, 3);
	add(&a,z1,z2);
	multiply(&m, z1, z2);
	divide(&result, m, a);
	输出结果(result);
}

最终:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct //复杂的<复数>
{
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
}Complex;

/*函数声明*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag);  //赋值
//加减乘除
void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void mutiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);

/*函数实现*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag)
{
	A->realpart = real;
	A->imagpart = imag;
}

void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart + B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart + B.imagpart;
}

void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart - B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart - B.imagpart;
}

void multiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart * B.realpart - A.imagpart * B.imagpart;
	C->imagpart = A.realpart * B.imagpart + A.imagpart * B.realpart;
}

void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	while (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart != 0)
	C->realpart = (A.realpart * B.realpart + A.imagpart * B.imagpart)
		/ (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
	C->imagpart = (B.realpart * A.imagpart - B.imagpart * A.realpart) 
		/ (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
}
void 输出结果(Complex a)
{
	cout << "结果为: " << a.realpart 
		<< "+" << a.imagpart << "i;" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex z1, z2,a,m,result;
	assign(&z1, 8, 6);
	assign(&z2, 4, 3);
	add(&a,z1,z2);
	multiply(&m, z1, z2);
	divide(&result, m, a);
	输出结果(result);
}

但是为啥运行不出来嘞???

md你一个判断语句,你在这放while循环干什么???这不是陷入死循环么??

把while改成if即可:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

typedef struct //复杂的<复数>
{
	float realpart;  //实部
	float imagpart;  //虚部
}Complex;

/*函数声明*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag);  //赋值
//加减乘除
void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void mutiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);
void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B);

/*函数实现*/
void assign(Complex* A, float real, float imag)
{
	A->realpart = real;
	A->imagpart = imag;
}

void add(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart + B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart + B.imagpart;
}

void minus(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart - B.realpart;
	C->imagpart = A.imagpart - B.imagpart;
}

void multiply(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	C->realpart = A.realpart * B.realpart - A.imagpart * B.imagpart;
	C->imagpart = A.realpart * B.imagpart + A.imagpart * B.realpart;
}

void divide(Complex* C, Complex A, Complex B)
{
	if(B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart != 0)
	{
		C->realpart = (A.realpart * B.realpart + A.imagpart * B.imagpart)
			/ (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
		C->imagpart = (B.realpart * A.imagpart - B.imagpart * A.realpart)
			/ (B.realpart * B.realpart + B.imagpart * B.imagpart);
	}
}
void 输出结果(Complex a)
{
	cout << "结果为: " << a.realpart
		<< "+" << a.imagpart << "i;" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex z1, z2, a, m, result;
	assign(&z1, 8, 6);
	assign(&z2, 4, 3);
	add(&a, z1, z2);
	multiply(&m, z1, z2);
	divide(&result, m, a);
	输出结果(result);
}

结果:

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