python入门之公共操作和公共方法

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一、公共操作之数据类型转换

list1 = [20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 70]
t1 = ('zmz', 'lss', 'lx', 'kyc', 'zmz')
s1 = {'20', 'zmz', 'lss', 'kyc', '20', '10'}
d1 = {'name': 'zmz', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'boy'}

# tuple() -- 转换成元组
print(tuple(list1), end='\n\n')
print(tuple(s1), end='\n\n')
print(tuple(d1), end='\n\n')  # 转换的也是K值

# list() -- 转换成列表
print(list(t1), end='\n\n')
print(list(s1), end='\n\n')
print(list(d1), end='\n\n')  # 转换的也是K值

# set() -- 转换成集合
print(set(list1), end='\n\n')
print(set(t1), end='\n\n')
print(set(d1), end='\n\n')  # 转换的也是K值

print("======================")
print(dict(list1))  # 转换不了，但也没有报错，也没有输出
print(dict(t1))
print(dict(s1))

二、公共方法之del

str1 = 'aa'

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

t1 = (1, 2, 3, 5, 99)

dict1 = {'name': 'zmz', 'gender': 'boy'}

s1 = {1, 20, 30, 50}

# ************del 或 del()*************
# 字符串
del str1
print(str1)       # 报错：name 'list1' is not defined

del str1[0]
print(str1)       # 报错：'str' object doesn't support item deletion

# 列表
del list1[0]
print(list1)
del list1
print(list1)      # 报错：name 'list1' is not defined

# 元组
del t1
print(t1)           # 报错：name 'list1' is not defined

# 字典
del dict1['zmz']
print(dict1)        # 报错：KeyError: 'zmz'
del dict1['name']
print(dict1)
del dict1
print(dict1)

# 集合
del s1
print(s1)

三、公共方法之enumerate

"""
enumerate(可遍历的对象， start=?)
-- 返回值是元组类型，格式是（下标，元素）
-- 它们两者并不是关联的，下标从start开始，元素从容器的第0个元素开始
"""

list1 = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
t1 = ('zmz', 'lsy', 'kyc', 'lx')
d1 = {'name': 'zmz', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'boy'}
s1 = {20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80}

for i in enumerate(list1):  # 默认start=0
    print(i)
print("======================")

for i in enumerate(list1, start=1):  # start=1
    print(i)
print("======================")

for i in enumerate(t1):
    print(i)
print("======================")

for i in enumerate(d1):  # 打印的是K值
    print(i)
print("======================")

for i in enumerate(s1):
    print(i)

四、公共方法之len

str1 = 'aa'

list1 = [1, 2, 3]

t1 = (1, 2)

dict1 = {'name': 'zmz', 'gender': 'boy'}

s1 = {1, 20, 30}

# len -- 计算容器中元素的个数

print(len(str1))        # 2
print(len(list1))       # 3
print(len(t1))          # 2
print(len(dict1))       # 2
print(len(s1))          # 3

五、公共方法之max、min

str1 = 'aabbccddefg'

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

t1 = (1, 2, 3, 5, 99)

dict1 = {'name': 'zmz', 'gender': 'boy'}

s1 = {1, 20, 30, 50}
"""
返回容器中的最大值和最小值 
"""

print(max(str1))
print(max(list1))
print(max(t1))
print(max(dict1))   # name
print(max(s1))

print(min(str1))
print(min(list1))
print(min(t1))
print(min(dict1))   # gender
print(min(s1))

六、公共方法之range

str1 = 'aabbccddefg'

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

t1 = (1, 2, 3, 5, 99)

dict1 = {'name': 'zmz', 'gender': 'boy'}

s1 = {1, 20, 30, 50}

"""
不包括最后一位（end），步长默认是1（step），默认开始是0（start）

range(start, end, step)
"""

print(range(1, 10, 1))  # range(1, 10) -- 这就是一个可迭代对象

for i in range(1, 10, 1):
    print(i, end=' ')
print()

for i in range(0, 10, 2):
    print(i, end=' ')
print()

for i in range(0, 10):
    print(i, end=' ')
print()

for i in range(10):
    print(i, end=' ')
print()

for i in range():  # 至少有一个参数充当 end
    print(i)

七、公共方法之in、not in

str1 = 'aa'

list1 = [1, 2, 3]

t1 = (1, 2)

dict1 = {'name': 'zmz', 'gender': 'boy'}

s1 = {1, 20, 30}

# 测试 #

print('aa' in str1)
print('aa' not in str1)

print(2 in list1)
print(2 not in list1)

print(4 not in t1)
print(4 in t1)

print('---------------------')

print('name' in dict1)      # True
print('zmz' in dict1)       # False
print('zmz' in dict1.values())      # True
print('zmz' in dict1.keys())        # False

print('--------------------')

print(20 in s1)
print(1 not in s1)

"""
in 和 not in 支持字符串，列表，元祖，字典，集合
"""

八、公共方法之乘号(*)复制

str1 = 'aa'

list1 = [1, 2, 3]

t1 = (1, 2)

dict1 = {'name': 'zmz'}

# ‘*’ -- 复制
print(str1 * 2)

print('-' * 10)

print(list1 * 2)

print(t1 * 2)

# print(dict1 * 2)    # 报错：unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'dict' and 'int'

"""
字典不能使用合并‘+’和复制‘*’
"""

九、公共方法之加号(+)合并

str1 = 'aa'
str2 = 'bb'

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [8, 9, 10, 20]

t1 = (1, 2)
t2 = (4, 5)

dict1 = {'name': 'zmz'}
dict2 = {'gender': 'boy'}

# ’+‘ -- 合并
print(str1 + str2)
print(list1 + list2)
print(t1 + t2)

# print(dict1 + dict2)    # 报错：字典不支持合并

"""
字典不能使用合并‘+’和复制‘*’
"""

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