消息中间件 - ActiveMQ高级特性和用法-死信队列（九）

用来保存处理失败或者过期的消息。 

出现下面情况时，消息会被重发： 

1. 事务会话被回滚。
2. 事务会话在提交之前关闭。
3. 会话使用CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE模式，并且Session.recover()被调用。 
4. 自动应答失败

当一个消息被重发超过最大重发次数（缺省为6次，消费者端可以修改）时，会给broker发送一个"有毒标记“，这个消息被认为是有问题，这时broker将这个消息发送到死信队列，以便后续处理。 

在配置文件(activemq.xml)来调整死信发送策略。

<destinationPolicy>
            <policyMap>
              <policyEntries>
                <policyEntry queue=">" >
<deadLetterStrategy>
<individualDeadLetterStrategy  queuePrefix="DLQ." useQueueForQueueMessages="true" />
</deadLetterStrategy>
                    <!-- The constantPendingMessageLimitStrategy is used to prevent
                         slow topic consumers to block producers and affect other consumers
                         by limiting the number of messages that are retained
                         For more information, see:

                         http://activemq.apache.org/slow-consumer-handling.html

                    -->
                  <pendingMessageLimitStrategy>
                    <constantPendingMessageLimitStrategy limit="1000"/>
                  </pendingMessageLimitStrategy>
                </policyEntry>
              </policyEntries>
            </policyMap>
        </destinationPolicy>

可以单独使用死信消费者处理这些死信。参见代码

生产者：

public class DlqProducer {

    //默认连接用户名
    private static final String USERNAME
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;
    //默认连接密码
    private static final String PASSWORD
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;
    //默认连接地址
    private static final String BROKEURL
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;
    //发送的消息数量
    private static final int SENDNUM = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
        ActiveMQConnection connection = null;
        Session session;
        ActiveMQDestination destination;
        MessageProducer messageProducer;

        connectionFactory
                = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(USERNAME,PASSWORD,BROKEURL);

        try {
            connection = (ActiveMQConnection) connectionFactory.createConnection();
            connection.start();

            session = connection.createSession(true,Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);

            destination = (ActiveMQDestination) session.createQueue("TestDlq2");
            messageProducer = session.createProducer(destination);
            for(int i=0;i<SENDNUM;i++){
                String msg = "发送消息"+i+" "+System.currentTimeMillis();
                TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage(msg);

                System.out.println("发送消息:"+msg);
                messageProducer.send(message);
            }
            session.commit();


        } catch (JMSException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(connection!=null){
                try {
                    connection.close();
                } catch (JMSException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }


}

消费者：

public class DlqConsumer {

    private static final String USERNAME
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;//默认连接用户名
    private static final String PASSWORD
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;//默认连接密码
    private static final String BROKEURL
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;//默认连接地址

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
        ActiveMQConnection connection = null;
        Session session;
        ActiveMQDestination destination;

        MessageConsumer messageConsumer;//消息的消费者

        //实例化连接工厂
        connectionFactory
                = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(USERNAME,PASSWORD,BROKEURL);
        //限制了重发次数策略
        RedeliveryPolicy redeliveryPolicy = new RedeliveryPolicy();
        redeliveryPolicy.setMaximumRedeliveries(1);

        try {
            //通过连接工厂获取连接
            connection = (ActiveMQConnection) connectionFactory.createConnection();
            //启动连接
            connection.start();
            // 拿到消费者端重复策略map
            RedeliveryPolicyMap redeliveryPolicyMap
                    = connection.getRedeliveryPolicyMap();
            //创建session
            session
                    = connection.createSession(false,
                    Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
            destination = (ActiveMQDestination) session.createQueue("TestDlq2");
            // 将消费者端重发策略配置给消费者
            redeliveryPolicyMap.put(destination,redeliveryPolicy);
            //创建消息消费者
            messageConsumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
            messageConsumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
                public void onMessage(Message message) {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("Accept msg : "
                                +((TextMessage)message).getText());
                    } catch (JMSException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    throw new RuntimeException("test");
                }
            });
        } catch (JMSException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

消费死信队列

public class ProcessDlqConsumer {

    private static final String USERNAME
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER;//默认连接用户名
    private static final String PASSWORD
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD;//默认连接密码
    private static final String BROKEURL
            = ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_BROKER_URL;//默认连接地址

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;//连接工厂
        Connection connection = null;//连接

        Session session;//会话 接受或者发送消息的线程
        Destination destination;//消息的目的地

        MessageConsumer messageConsumer;//消息的消费者

        //实例化连接工厂
        connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(ProcessDlqConsumer.USERNAME,
                ProcessDlqConsumer.PASSWORD, ProcessDlqConsumer.BROKEURL);

        try {
            //通过连接工厂获取连接
            connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
            //启动连接
            connection.start();
            //创建session
            session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
            //创建一个连接HelloWorld的消息队列
            //destination = session.createTopic("TestDlq");
            destination = session.createQueue("DLQ.>");

            //创建消息消费者
            messageConsumer = session.createConsumer(destination);
            messageConsumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
                public void onMessage(Message message) {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("Accept DEAD msg : "
                                +((TextMessage)message).getText());
                    } catch (JMSException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        } catch (JMSException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

注意，该代码中展示了如何配置重发策略。同时，重试策略属于ActiveMQ的部分，所以有部分connectionFactory，connection的声明等等不能使用接口，必须使用ActiveMQ的实现。