opengl基本

介绍

首先需要GLFW和GLAD
GLFW：
opengl的C库
地址：链接: https://www.glfw.org/download.html.
.
GLAD：
用来简化调用的，这个需要对应GLFW版本去生成
地址：链接: https://glad.dav1d.de/.

工程内需要包含两个库
OpenGL32.Lib
glfw3.lib

初始化

glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

...

glfwTerminate();

创建GLFW窗口

glfwCreateWindow(int width, int height, const char* title, GLFWmonitor* monitor, GLFWwindow* share);
//例
GLFWwindow* window = GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(400, 300, "gl", NULL, NULL);

后边两个直接填NULL就好，暂时不用管
创建完后在调用下边函数将GLFW窗口上下文设置为当前上下文

glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

初始化GLAD

if (gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress) == 0)
{
	std::cout << "glfwGetProcAddress failed" << std::endl;
	return;
}

CV就完事了

视口

说白了就是窗口内可见部分，在初始化GLAD后调用

//x y w h
glViewport(0, 0, 400, 300);

着色器

一个窗口至少要指定一个顶点着色器和一个片段着色器

//创建顶点着色器
GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);//附加到对象
glCompileShader(vertexShader);//编译

glCreateShader 用来创建着色器
参数选择：
GL_VERTEX_SHADER //顶点
GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER //片段

然后通过glShaderSource将着色器代码附加到着色器上
再就通过glCompileShader编译该着色器
.
下边是判断着色器是否编译成功

//判断是否编译错误
	int success;
	char infoLog[512];
	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (success == 0)
	{
		//编译定点着色器失败
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, sizeof(infoLog), NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "编译顶点着色器失败: " << infoLog << std::endl;
	}

glGetShaderiv 获取编译状态
glGetShaderInfoLog 获取错误信息
CV就行

链接着色器

//链接着色器
GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

然后判断是否连接错误

//判断是否链接错误
glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
if (success == 0)
{
	glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, sizeof(infoLog), NULL, infoLog);
	std::cout << "链接着色器失败: " << infoLog << std::endl;
}

最后可以删除着色器了

//删除着色器
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
glDeleteShader(vertexShader);

后边懒得写了

Demo

void t1()
{
	//创建GLFW
	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(400, 300, "gl", NULL, NULL);
	if (window == NULL)
	{
		std::cout << "glfwCreateWindow failed" << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	//窗口变动回调
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, frame_buffer_size_cb);
	
	//初始化GLAD
	if (gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress) == 0)
	{
		std::cout << "glfwGetProcAddress failed" << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	//视口
	glViewport(0, 0, 400, 300);

	//顶点着色器语言
	const char* vertexShaderSource =
		"#version 330 core\n"
		"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
		"layout (location = 1) in vec4 aColor;\n"
		"out vec4 vertexColor;\n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"	gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 1.0f);\n"
		"	vertexColor = vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);\n"
		"	vertexColor = aColor;\n"
		"}\0";


	//片段着色器语言
	const char* fragmentShaderSource =
		"#version 330 core\n"
		"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
		"in vec4 vertexColor;\n"
		"uniform vec4 uniColor;\n"
		"void main()\n"
		"{\n"
		"	FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
		"	FragColor = vertexColor;\n"
		//"	FragColor = uniColor;\n"
		"}\0";


	//创建顶点着色器
	GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);//附加到对象
	glCompileShader(vertexShader);//编译

	//判断是否编译错误
	int success;
	char infoLog[512];
	glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (success == 0)
	{
		//编译定点着色器失败
		glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, sizeof(infoLog), NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "编译顶点着色器失败: " << infoLog << std::endl;
	}

	//创建片段着色器
	GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
	glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);//附加到对象
	glCompileShader(fragmentShader);//编译

	//判断是否编译错误
	glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
	if (success == 0)
	{
		//编译定点着色器失败
		glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, sizeof(infoLog), NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "编译片段着色器失败: " << infoLog << std::endl;
	}

	//链接着色器
	GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

	//判断是否链接错误
	glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
	if (success == 0)
	{
		glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, sizeof(infoLog), NULL, infoLog);
		std::cout << "链接着色器失败: " << infoLog << std::endl;
	}

	//删除着色器
	glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
	glDeleteShader(vertexShader);


	//顶点数据
	float vertices[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
		 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
		 0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f
	};

	float vertices2[] = {
		0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,   // 右上角
		0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  // 右下角
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // 左下角
		-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f   // 左上角
	};

	unsigned int indices[] = { // 注意索引从0开始! 
		0, 1, 3, // 第一个三角形
		1, 2, 3  // 第二个三角形
	};


	//顶点数据
	float vertices3[] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
		0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f
	};

	GLuint VAO, VBO, EBO;
	//创建VAO VBO EBO
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);

	//首次绑定VAO
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	//顶点数组配置VBO中
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices3), vertices3, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	//顶点索引配置到EBO中
	//glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
	//glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	//设置顶点属性指针
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 7, NULL);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 7, (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

	while (glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == false)
	{

		//获取按键
		if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
		{
			//设置窗口关闭
			glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
		}

		//渲染
		glClearColor(1.0f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		//使用着色器程序
		glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

		//float timeValue = glfwGetTime();
		//float greenValue = (sin(timeValue) / 2.0f) + 0.5f;
		获取uniform位置
		//int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "uniColor");
		//if (vertexColorLocation == -1)
		//{
		//	std::cout << "glGetUniformLocation failed!" << std::endl;
		//}
		更新uniform
		//glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.0f, greenValue, 0.0f, 1.0f);


		//绑定VAO
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
		//glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, NULL);
		glBindVertexArray(0);



		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		glfwPollEvents();
	}


	//删除EBO VAO VBO 着色器程序
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
	
}

int main()
{
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

	t3();

	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

PS: 参考的learnopengl