用户态读写IIC设备

 下面的代码是读写IIC设备的寄存器，其支持的类型是：

寄存器地址8位

寄存器值16位

程序用法如下：
向i2c-3的总线上的0x12设备的寄存器写0x1234
./i2c_rw /dev/i2c-3  0x12 w 0x14 0x1234

向i2c-3的总线上的0x12设备读寄存器0xfe
./i2c_rw /dev/i2c-3  0x12 r 0xfe

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <linux/types.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <fcntl.h> 
#include <unistd.h> 
#include <sys/types.h> 
#include <sys/ioctl.h> 
#include <errno.h> 
#include <assert.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <linux/i2c.h> 
#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>


static void Usage(char *argv[])
{
    printf("Usage:\n");
    printf("%s /dev/i2c-x  salve_addr r/w reg_addr [value]\n", argv[0]);
    printf("%s /dev/i2c-3  0x12 r 0xfe \n", argv[0]);
    printf("%s /dev/i2c-3  0x12 w 0x14 0x1234 \n", argv[0]);
}


static int i2c_write_bytes(int fd, uint8_t slave_addr, uint8_t reg_addr, uint8_t *values, uint8_t len)
{
    uint8_t *outbuf = NULL;
    struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data packets;
    struct i2c_msg messages[1];

    outbuf = malloc(len + 1);
    if (!outbuf)
    {
        printf("Error: No memory for buffer\n");
        return -1;
    }

    outbuf[0] = reg_addr;
    memcpy(outbuf + 1, values, len);
    messages[0].addr = slave_addr;
    messages[0].flags = 0;
    messages[0].len = len + 1;
    messages[0].buf = outbuf;
    
    /* Transfer the i2c packets to the kernel and verify it worked */
    packets.msgs = messages;
    packets.nmsgs = 1;
    if(ioctl(fd, I2C_RDWR, &packets) < 0)
    {
        printf("Error: Unable to send data\n");
        free(outbuf);
        return -1;
    }

    free(outbuf);
    
    return 0;
}


static int i2c_read_bytes(int fd, uint8_t slave_addr, uint8_t reg_addr, uint8_t *values, uint8_t len)
{
    uint8_t outbuf[1];
    struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data packets;
    struct i2c_msg messages[2];

    outbuf[0] = reg_addr;
    messages[0].addr = slave_addr;
    messages[0].flags = 0;
    messages[0].len = sizeof(outbuf);
    messages[0].buf = outbuf;
    
    /* The data will get returned in this structure */
    messages[1].addr = slave_addr;
    messages[1].flags = I2C_M_RD/* | I2C_M_NOSTART*/;
    messages[1].len = len;
    messages[1].buf = values;
    
    /* Send the request to the kernel and get the result back */
    packets.msgs = messages;
    packets.nmsgs = 2;
    if(ioctl(fd, I2C_RDWR, &packets) < 0)
    {
        printf("Error: Unable to send data");
        return -1;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int fd;
    uint8_t w_buf[2];
    uint8_t r_buf[2];
    if(argc != 5 && argc != 6)
    {
        Usage(argv);
        return -1;
    }

    // 打开I2C对应的设备节点
    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
    if(fd < 0)
    {
        printf("Error: Unable to open %s\n", argv[1]);
        return -1;
    }

    uint8_t slave_addr = strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);
    uint8_t reg_addr = strtoul(argv[4], NULL, 16);
    uint32_t value = 0;

    if(argc == 6)
    {
        value = strtoul(argv[5], NULL, 16);
        w_buf[0] = value & 0xff;
        w_buf[1] = (value >> 8) & 0xff;
    }

    if(strcmp(argv[3], "w") == 0 && argc == 6)
    {
        if(i2c_write_bytes(fd, slave_addr, reg_addr, w_buf, 2) < 0)
        {
            printf("Error: Writing to slave failed\n");
            close(fd);
            return -1;
        }
    }
    else if(strcmp(argv[3], "r") == 0)
    {
        memset(r_buf, 0, sizeof(r_buf));
        if(i2c_read_bytes(fd, slave_addr, reg_addr, r_buf, 2) < 0)
        {
            printf("Error: Reading from slave failed\n");
            close(fd);
            return -1;
        }
        printf("read: 0x%02x%02x\n", r_buf[1], r_buf[0]);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Error: Invalid operation\n");
        close(fd);
        return -1;
    }

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}