Android异步从网络下载图片并且缓存图片到本地的demo

在Android开发中我们经常有这样的需求,从服务器上下载xml或者JSON类型的数据,其中包括一些图片资源,本demo模拟了这个需求,从网络上加载XML资源,其中包括图片,我们要做的解析XML里面的数据,并且把图片缓存到本地一个cache目录里面,并且用一个自定义的Adapter去填充到LIstView,demo运行效果见下图:


通过这个demo,要学会有一下几点

1.怎么解析一个XML

2.demo中用到的缓存图片到本地一个临时目录的思想是怎样的?

3.AsyncTask类的使用,因为要去异步的加载数据,就必须开启线程,但是在开启线程的时有时候不能很好的控制线程的数量,线程数量太大的时候手机会很快被卡死 这里就采用AsynsTask类的去解决这个问题,这个类里面封装了线程池的技术,从而保证不会因开启过多的线程而消耗太多的资源

4.本demo中的Handler类的使用情况 5.自定义adapter的使用 

下面是demo中的Activity。

01public class MainActivity extends Activity {
02    protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT = 0;
03    private ListView mListView;
04    private MyContactAdapter mAdapter;
05    private File cache;
06     
07    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
08        public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
09            if(msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT){
10                List<Contact> contacts = (List<Contact>) msg.obj;
11                mAdapter = new MyContactAdapter(getApplicationContext(),contacts,cache);
12                mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
13            }
14        };
15    };
16     
17    @Override
18    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
19        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
20        setContentView(R.layout.main);
21         
22        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
23         
24        //创建缓存目录,系统一运行就得创建缓存目录的,
25        cache = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "cache");
26         
27        if(!cache.exists()){
28            cache.mkdirs();
29        }
30         
31        //获取数据,主UI线程是不能做耗时操作的,所以启动子线程来做
32        new Thread(){
33            public void run() {
34                ContactService service = new ContactService();
35                List<Contact> contacts = null;
36                try {
37                    contacts = service.getContactAll();
38                } catch (Exception e) {
39                    e.printStackTrace();
40                }
41                //子线程通过Message对象封装信息,并且用初始化好的,
42                //Handler对象的sendMessage()方法把数据发送到主线程中,从而达到更新UI主线程的目的
43                Message msg = new Message();
44                msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT;
45                msg.obj = contacts;
46                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
47            };
48        }.start();
49    }
50     
51    @Override
52    protected void onDestroy() {
53        super.onDestroy();
54        //清空缓存
55        File[] files = cache.listFiles();
56        for(File file :files){
57            file.delete();
58        }
59        cache.delete();
60    }
61}

  Activity中,注意以下几点, 
1.初始化了一个缓存目录,这个目录最好是应用开启就去创建好,为手续缓存图片做准备,在这里把数据存放在SDCard上 
2.要去服务器加载数据,这个耗时操作最好是去开启线程加载数据,加载完毕后去异步的更新UI线程,利用Handler机制能很好的解决这个问题, 
3.最后退出应用的时候,要删掉缓存目录和目录里面的数据,避免给手机制造很多的垃圾文件 
下面就是一个Service类了, 
01public class ContactService {
02 
03    /**
04     * 从服务器上获取数据
05     */
06    public List<Contact> getContactAll() throws Exception {
07        List<Contact> contacts = null;
08        String Parth = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/list.xml";
09        URL url = new URL(Parth);
10        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
11        conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
12        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
13        if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
14            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
15            // 这里获取数据直接放在XmlPullParser里面解析
16            contacts = xmlParser(is);
17            return contacts;
18        } else {
19            return null;
20        }
21    }
22 
23    // 这里并没有下载图片下来,而是把图片的地址保存下来了
24    private List<Contact> xmlParser(InputStream is) throws Exception {
25        List<Contact> contacts = null;
26        Contact contact = null;
27        XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
28        parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8");
29        int eventType = parser.getEventType();
30        while ((eventType = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
31            switch (eventType) {
32            case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
33                if (parser.getName().equals("contacts")) {
34                    contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>();
35                } else if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
36                    contact = new Contact();
37                    contact.setId(Integer.valueOf(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
38                } else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) {
39                    contact.setName(parser.nextText());
40                } else if (parser.getName().equals("image")) {
41                    contact.setImage(parser.getAttributeValue(0));
42                }
43                break;
44 
45            case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
46                if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
47                    contacts.add(contact);
48                }
49                break;
50            }
51        }
52        return contacts;
53    }
54 
55    /*
56     * 从网络上获取图片,如果图片在本地存在的话就直接拿,如果不存在再去服务器上下载图片
57     * 这里的path是图片的地址
58     */
59    public Uri getImageURI(String path, File cache) throws Exception {
60        String name = MD5.getMD5(path) + path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("."));
61        File file = new File(cache, name);
62        // 如果图片存在本地缓存目录,则不去服务器下载
63        if (file.exists()) {
64            return Uri.fromFile(file);//Uri.fromFile(path)这个方法能得到文件的URI
65        } else {
66            // 从网络上获取图片
67            URL url = new URL(path);
68            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
69            conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
70            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
71            conn.setDoInput(true);
72            if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
73 
74                InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
75                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
76                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
77                int len = 0;
78                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
79                    fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
80                }
81                is.close();
82                fos.close();
83                // 返回一个URI对象
84                return Uri.fromFile(file);
85            }
86        }
87        return null;
88    }
89}

    Serivce类中,注意以下几点   
1.HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();获取一个链接,从而进行通讯      2.怎么利用XxmlPullPaser类去解析XML,从而把数据封装成对象   
3.getImageURI(String path, File cache) 这个方法具体实现   
4.Uri.fromFile(file);这个方法能够直接返回一个Uri来   
   下面是自定义的Adapter类,  
001public class MyContactAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
002 
003    protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE = 0;
004    private Context context;
005    private List<Contact> contacts;
006    private File cache;
007    private LayoutInflater mInflater;
008 
009    // 自己定义的构造函数
010    public MyContactAdapter(Context context, List<Contact> contacts, File cache) {
011        this.context = context;
012        this.contacts = contacts;
013        this.cache = cache;
014 
015        mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
016    }
017 
018    @Override
019    public int getCount() {
020        return contacts.size();
021    }
022 
023    @Override
024    public Object getItem(int position) {
025        return contacts.get(position);
026    }
027 
028    @Override
029    public long getItemId(int position) {
030        return position;
031    }
032 
033    @Override
034    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
035        // 1获取item,再得到控件
036        // 2 获取数据
037        // 3绑定数据到item
038        View view = null;
039        if (convertView != null) {
040            view = convertView;
041        } else {
042            view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item, null);
043        }
044 
045        ImageView iv_header = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_header);
046        TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
047 
048        Contact contact = contacts.get(position);
049 
050        // 异步的加载图片 (线程池 + Handler ) ---> AsyncTask
051        asyncloadImage(iv_header, contact.image);
052        tv_name.setText(contact.name);
053 
054        return view;
055    }
056 
057    private void asyncloadImage(ImageView iv_header, String path) {
058        ContactService service = new ContactService();
059        AsyncImageTask task = new AsyncImageTask(service, iv_header);
060        task.execute(path);
061    }
062 
063    private final class AsyncImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Uri> {
064 
065        private ContactService service;
066        private ImageView iv_header;
067 
068        public AsyncImageTask(ContactService service, ImageView iv_header) {
069            this.service = service;
070            this.iv_header = iv_header;
071        }
072 
073        // 后台运行的子线程子线程
074        @Override
075        protected Uri doInBackground(String... params) {
076            try {
077                return service.getImageURI(params[0], cache);
078            } catch (Exception e) {
079                e.printStackTrace();
080            }
081            return null;
082        }
083 
084        // 这个放在在ui线程中执行
085        @Override
086        protected void onPostExecute(Uri result) {
087            super.onPostExecute(result);
088            // 完成图片的绑定
089            if (iv_header != null && result != null) {
090                iv_header.setImageURI(result);
091            }
092        }
093    }
094 
095    /**
096     * 采用普通方式异步的加载图片
097     */
098    /*private void asyncloadImage(final ImageView iv_header, final String path) {
099        final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
100            @Override
101            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
102                super.handleMessage(msg);
103                if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE) {
104                    Uri uri = (Uri) msg.obj;
105                    if (iv_header != null && uri != null) {
106                        iv_header.setImageURI(uri);
107                    }
108 
109                }
110            }
111        };
112        // 子线程,开启子线程去下载或者去缓存目录找图片,并且返回图片在缓存目录的地址
113        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
114            @Override
115            public void run() {
116                ContactService service = new ContactService();
117                try {
118                    //这个URI是图片下载到本地后的缓存目录中的URI
119                    Uri uri = service.getImageURI(path, cache);
120                    Message msg = new Message();
121                    msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE;
122                    msg.obj = uri;
123                    mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
124                } catch (Exception e) {
125                    e.printStackTrace();
126                }
127            }
128        };
129        new Thread(runnable).start();
130    }*/
131}

自定义Adapter中,我们要注意 AsyncImageTask这个类继承了AsyncTask类,AsyncTask是Android中常用来做异步任务的类,对线程池进行了封装,详细分析稍后再贴出一篇Blog。   
  下面是我们从服务器上获取并且解析的Xml文件   

01<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
02<contacts>
03    <contact id="1">
04        <name>张飞</name>
05        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/mymyweb/images/1.gif"/>
06    </contact>
07    <contact id="2">
08        <name>博文</name>
09        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/2.gif"/>
10    </contact>   
11    <contact id="3">
12        <name>张天佑</name>
13        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/3.gif"/>
14    </contact>       
15    <contact id="4">
16        <name>松德</name>
17        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/4.gif"/>
18    </contact>       
19    <contact id="5">
20        <name>赵薇</name>
21        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/5.gif"/>
22    </contact>
23    <contact id="6">
24        <name>李静</name>
25        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/6.gif"/>
26    </contact>   
27    <contact id="7">
28        <name>李明</name>
29        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/7.gif"/>
30    </contact>       
31    <contact id="8">
32        <name>黎明</name>
33        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/8.gif"/>
34    </contact>       
35     
36    <contact id="9">
37        <name>秦桧</name>
38        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/9.gif"/>
39    </contact>
40    <contact id="10">
41        <name>朱德</name>
42        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/10.gif"/>
43    </contact>   
44    <contact id="11">
45        <name>冯巩</name>
46        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/11.gif"/>
47    </contact>       
48    <contact id="12">
49        <name>dylan</name>
50        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/12.gif"/>
51    </contact>       
52    <contact id="13">
53        <name>黄单</name>
54        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/13.gif"/>
55    </contact>
56    <contact id="14">
57        <name>含蕊</name>
58        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/14.gif"/>
59    </contact>   
60    <contact id="15">
61        <name>欣琪</name>
62        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/15.jpg"/>
63    </contact>       
64    <contact id="16">
65        <name>李忠华</name>
66        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/16.jpg"/>
67    </contact>   
68    <contact id="17">
69        <name>方产员</name>
70        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/17.jpg"/>
71    </contact>       
72    <contact id="18">
73        <name>张光</name>
74        <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/18.jpg"/>
75    </contact>   
76</contacts>

本demo中为了安全起见,还对下载下来的图片的文件名进行了MD5加密,下面是MD5加密的代码, 

01public class MD5 {
02 
03    public static String getMD5(String content) {
04        try {
05            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
06            digest.update(content.getBytes());
07            return getHashString(digest);
08             
09        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
10            e.printStackTrace();
11        }
12        return null;
13    }
14     
15    private static String getHashString(MessageDigest digest) {
16        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
17        for (byte b : digest.digest()) {
18            builder.append(Integer.toHexString((b >> 4) & 0xf));
19            builder.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xf));
20        }
21        return builder.toString();
22    }
23}

以上省略了Contact.java这个domain类,通过这个demo,可以看出Android中会经常需要进行异步任务的处理,所以我们会常常用到自己手动开启线程,handler机制,或者AsyncTask类等手段来保证应用的性能
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