MySQL 8.0.19-CentOS安装
环境
- 操作系统: Linux - Centos-7-x86_64-1810
- MySQL版本: 8.0.19安装
卸载已安装mysql
RPM包卸载
检查是否安装了mysql
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
卸载前关闭mysql服务
# 查看mysql服务状态
service mysql status
# 停止mysql服务
service mysql stop
# 查看mysql服务的开机启动状态
chkconfig --list | grep mysql
卸载删除mysql各类rpm组件
rpm -ev <组件名称>
检查和删除mysql对应的目录
# 定位mysql相关的目录
whereis mysql
find / -name mysql
# 删除mysql相关的目录
rm -rf <目录>
删除mysql用户和用户组
userdel mysql
# 运行userdel mysql之后通常会连带删除用户组
groupdel mysql
二进制包/源码安装方式的mysql卸载
检查MySQL服务并关闭服务
ps -ef|grep mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql status
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
检查和删除mysql对应的目录
# 定位mysql相关的目录
whereis mysql
find / -name mysql
# 删除mysql相关的目录
rm -rf <目录>
删除mysql相关配置文件
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
rm -rf /etc/init.d/mysql
删除mysql用户和用户组
userdel mysql
# 运行userdel mysql之后通常会连带删除用户组
groupdel mysql
权限设置
用户组权限相关命令:
# 查询mysql分组
more /etc/group | grep mysql
groups mysql
# 添加mysql用户组
groupadd mysql
# 删除mysql用户组
groupdel mysql
用户权限相关命令:
# 查询用户
more /etc/passwd | grep mysql
more /etc/shadow | grep mysql
id mysql
# 添加mysql用户
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
# 删除用户
userdel mysql
Note
Because the user is required only for ownership purposes, not login purposes, the useradd command uses the
-r
and-s /bin/false
options to create a user that does not have login permissions to your server host. Omit these options if your useradd does not support them.
安装
mysql安装在/opt/sof/
目录下,数据统一存储在/data/mysql/
目录下,可以在相应的目录下创建端口目录来进行区分多个mysql服务,本次安装采用默认端口3306
,因此数据存放在/data/mysql/3306/
目录下
1. 下载安装包
到mysql官方网站选择合适的源码包进行下载,我们选择mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
这个版本。
2. 解压tar包
tar xvf mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
3. 创建软链
cd /usr/local/
ln -s /opt/soft/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
4. mysql目录赋权
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/soft/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
chmod 750 /opt/soft/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
5. 创建数据目录并赋权
mkdir -p /data/mysql/3306
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/3306/
6. 创建配置文件
拷贝配置文件/etc/my.cnf
到/etc/my_3306.cnf
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my_3306.cnf
修改/etc/my_3306.cnf
文件内容,下面一个为带注释的版本,一个为实际使用的无注释的版本。
注释版本:
[mysqld_safe]
# 记录mysql线程id号
pid-file=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld.pid
[mysql]
port=3306
# 默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
# 远程客户端连接属性
port=3306
# 临时文件,mysql启动时产生,停止时消失
socket=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
# 记录mysqld线程id号
pid_file=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld.pid
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_bin
open_files_limit=65536
# mysql安装路径
basedir=/opt/soft/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
# mysql的数据文件路径
datadir=/data/mysql/3306
# 临时文件路径
tmpdir=/data/mysql/3306
# 错误日志
log-error=/data/mysql/3306/alert.log
socket=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.sock
# binlog
log-bin=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld-bin
relay-log=/data/mysql/3306/relay-bin
server_id=255128
binlog_format=row
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
max_connections=2000
无注释版本:
[mysqld_safe]
pid-file=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld.pid
[mysql]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
pid_file=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld.pid
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_bin
open_files_limit=65536
basedir=/opt/soft/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
datadir=/data/mysql/3306
tmpdir=/data/mysql/3306
log-error=/data/mysql/3306/alert.log
socket=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.sock
log-bin=/data/mysql/3306/mysqld-bin
relay-log=/data/mysql/3306/relay-bin
server_id=255128
binlog_format=row
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
max_connections=2000
6.1 修改sql的模式
执行以下语句修改sql的模式
## 查询当前模式
SELECT @@GLOBAL.sql_mode;
## 修改模式
set global sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';
修改配置文件my_3306.cnf
,防止重启失效
[mysqld]
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
6.2 解决开启bin-log函数同步的问题
## 查询配置
SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_bin_trust_function_creators';
## 更改配置
SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators=1;
修改配置文件my_3306.cnf
,防止重启失效
[mysqld]
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
6.3 设置最大连接数
## 查询最大连接数,默认151
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'max_connections';
## 更改配置
SET GLOBAL max_connections=2000;
修改配置文件my_3306.cnf
,防止重启失效
[mysqld]
max_connections=2000
7. 初始化数据库,配置参数
7.1 检查依赖
安装过程可能出现如下错误
bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Note:
MySQL has a dependency on the
libaio
library. Data directory initialization and subsequent server startup steps will fail if this library is not installed locally.
修复上面的错误,需安装libaio
library
# 查询是否已安装libaio
yum list installed | grep libaio
# yum 安装
yum install -y libaio
7.2 初始化数据库
# 可以指定数据目录
bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my_3306.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
Note:去查看日志文件/data/mysql/3306/alert.log
,最后一句会提示我们密码,需要记住:
2020-11-27T06:27:32.387591Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: deNeyfW8rQ&I
8. 生成mysql密钥对
# 指定数据目录
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql/3306
9. 安全启动
# 指定目录方式启动
bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my_3306.cnf --user=mysql &
# 查看进程
ps -ef|grep mysql
10. 临时密码登录mysql
bin/mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root -p
此时可能会报错:
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root -p
bin/mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
yum方式安装:
yum install libncurses*
也可以从网站:pkgs.org
中搜索libncurses.so.5
的rpm包进行安装。
rpm包安装还可能遇到以下错误:
[root@localhost work]# rpm -ivh ncurses-6.1-12.20190803.fc31.src.rpm
Updating / installing...
1:ncurses-6.1-12.20190803.fc31 warning: user mockbuild does not exist - using root
warning: group mock does not exist - using root
warning: user mockbuild does not exist - using root
warning: group mock does not exist - using root
此时需要创建mock组和mockbuild用户
[root@localhost work]# groupadd mock
[root@localhost work]# useradd mockbuild -g mock
11. 修改密码,创建远程连接
# set password=password('123456'); mysql 5.7.9以后废弃了password字段和password()函数,
# authentication_string字段表示用户密码
# 设置本地登录的密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
# 设置root远程登陆的账号和权限
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
# 必须用此语句修改密码,否则远程客户端连接会报密码的错误
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;
USE mysql;
SELECT user,host FROM user;
quit;
用户权限内容:
mysql> SELECT user,host FROM user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------------------+-----------+
| root | % |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
NOTE: CentOS 7防火墙默认没有开放3306
端口,需要以下命令添加端口:
# 添加端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
# 重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload
设置mysql服务开机启动
默认端口号为3306
,同一服务器中可能部署多个mysql实例,因此启动服务我们添加端口后缀3306
,先拷贝文件:
# 将`support-files/mysql.server`文件拷贝为`/etc/init.d/mysql_3306`
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql_3306
然后修改/etc/init.d/mysql_3306
里的内容,在case "$mode" in
之前增加以下内容:
basedir="/opt/soft/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
bindir="$basedir/bin"
datadir="/data/mysql/3306"
mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/mysqld.pid"
confdir="/etc/my_3306.cnf"
修改start
服务,添加--defaults-file
参数:
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$confdir" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
完整的/etc/init.d/mysql_3306
内容看文末。
最后注册服务
# 查看mysql服务是否在服务配置中
chkconfig --list mysql_3306
# 注册开机启动服务
chkconfig --add mysql_3306
# 删除开启启动服务
chkconfig --del mysql_3306
# 启动或停止mysql服务
service mysql_3306 start
service mysql_3306 stop
设置环境变量
编辑/etc/profile
文件,在最后添加mysql目录的环境变量
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
刷新环境变量
source /etc/profile
完整的/etc/init.d/mysql_3306
内容如下:
#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind
# MySQL daemon start/stop script.
# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.
# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO
# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
# [mysqld]
# basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory>
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
# and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
# below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
basedir=
datadir=
# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf.
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900
# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
fi
sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=
#
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
. $lsb_functions
else
log_success_msg()
{
echo " SUCCESS! $@"
}
log_failure_msg()
{
echo " ERROR! $@"
}
fi
PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH
mode=$1 # start or stop
[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift
other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
# Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
# They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
# of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.
case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
*c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;;
*c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;;
*) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;;
esac
parse_server_arguments() {
for arg do
case "$arg" in
--basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
;;
--datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
datadir_set=1
;;
--pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
--service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
esac
done
}
wait_for_pid () {
verb="$1" # created | removed
pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.
i=0
avoid_race_condition="by checking again"
while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do
case "$verb" in
'created')
# wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
'removed')
# wait for this PID-file to disappear
test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
*)
echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
exit 1
;;
esac
# if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
if test -n "$pid"; then
if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
: # the server still runs
else
# The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.
if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
avoid_race_condition=""
continue # Check again.
fi
# there's nothing that will affect the file.
log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
return 1 # not waiting any more.
fi
fi
echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
i=`expr $i + 1`
sleep 1
done
if test -z "$i" ; then
log_success_msg
return 0
else
log_failure_msg
return 1
fi
}
# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults"; then
print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
else
# Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
conf=/etc/my.cnf
print_defaults=
if test -r $conf
then
subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
for d in $dirs
do
d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'`
if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
then
print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
break
fi
done
fi
# Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi
#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#
extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
then
extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
fi
parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`
#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
else
case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
/* ) ;;
* ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
esac
fi
basedir="/opt/soft/mysql-8.0.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
bindir="$basedir/bin"
datadir="/data/mysql/3306"
mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/mysqld.pid"
confdir="/etc/my_3306.cnf"
case "$mode" in
'start')
# Start daemon
# Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
cd $basedir
echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
then
# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
# may be overwritten at next upgrade.
# $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$confdir" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
# Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -w "$lockdir"
then
touch "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
fi
;;
'stop')
# Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
# root password.
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
# signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"
mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
then
echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
kill $mysqld_pid
# mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
fi
# Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -f "$lock_file_path"
then
rm -f "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
fi
;;
'restart')
# Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
# running or not, start it again.
if $0 stop $other_args; then
$0 start $other_args
else
log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
exit 1
fi
;;
'reload'|'force-reload')
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
exit 1
fi
;;
'status')
# First, check to see if pid file exists
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then
log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
exit 0
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
exit 1
fi
else
# Try to find appropriate mysqld process
mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`
# test if multiple pids exist
pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
exit 5
elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then
if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
exit 2
fi
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
exit 3
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
exit 4
fi
fi
;;
*)
# usage
basename=`basename "$0"`
echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
参考
- 安装mysql8.0.11及修改root密码、连接navicat for mysql的思路详解
- sqlyog连接mysql8.0
- Centos7 firewall开放3306端口
- 解决Can not connect to local MySQL server through socket /tmp/mysql.sock (2)
- ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock’ (2)
- XtraBackup出现 Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’