C# 使用SharpGL-Viewport应用

Viewport是用来设置当前渲染上下文的视口：Viewport(int x, int y, int width, int height)。
其中（x，y）是以像素为单位，指定窗口的左下角位置，width、height是视口矩形的宽度和高度，根据窗口的实时变化重绘窗口。
在OpenGL中，窗口坐标都是以左下角为（0，0）,向右为X正方向，向上为Y正方向，如下图所示：

做一个简单的范例，先绘制一个立方体，立方体的六个面颜色不一样：

        private void Draw(SharpGL.OpenGL gl)
        {
            gl.Begin(OpenGL.GL_QUADS);					// Start Drawing The Cube

            gl.Color(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);			// Set The Color To Green
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);			// Top Right Of The Quad (Top)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);			// Top Left Of The Quad (Top)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);			// Bottom Left Of The Quad (Top)
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);			// Bottom Right Of The Quad (Top)

            gl.Color(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);			// Set The Color To Orange
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);			// Top Right Of The Quad (Bottom)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);			// Top Left Of The Quad (Bottom)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);			// Bottom Left Of The Quad (Bottom)
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);			// Bottom Right Of The Quad (Bottom)

            gl.Color(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);			// Set The Color To Red
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);			// Top Right Of The Quad (Front)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);			// Top Left Of The Quad (Front)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);			// Bottom Left Of The Quad (Front)
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);			// Bottom Right Of The Quad (Front)

            gl.Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);			// Set The Color To Yellow
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);			// Bottom Left Of The Quad (Back)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);			// Bottom Right Of The Quad (Back)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);			// Top Right Of The Quad (Back)
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);			// Top Left Of The Quad (Back)

            gl.Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);			// Set The Color To Blue
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);			// Top Right Of The Quad (Left)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);			// Top Left Of The Quad (Left)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);			// Bottom Left Of The Quad (Left)
            gl.Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);			// Bottom Right Of The Quad (Left)

            gl.Color(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);			// Set The Color To Violet
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);			// Top Right Of The Quad (Right)
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);			// Top Left Of The Quad (Right)
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);			// Bottom Left Of The Quad (Right)
            gl.Vertex(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);			// Bottom Right Of The Quad (Right)
            gl.End();						// Done Drawing The Q
        }

效果如下：

然后利用ViewPort，将窗口分成四块区域窗口，分别：左上窗口显示立方体上视图，左下窗口显示立方体下视图，右上窗口显示立方体左视图，右下窗口显示立方体右视图：

        private void openGLControl1_OpenGLDraw(object sender, RenderEventArgs args)
        {
            SharpGL.OpenGL gl = this.openGLControl1.OpenGL;
            gl.Clear(OpenGL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | OpenGL.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_PROJECTION);
            gl.LoadIdentity();
            gl.Perspective(60, (double)(this.Width / this.Height), 0.01, 100.0);
            gl.Viewport(0, 0, this.Width, this.Height);
            gl.LookAt(eye_x, eye_y, eye_z, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_MODELVIEW);
            Draw(gl);//绘制立方体

            if (Top_View)//按键w触发显示
                Top_View_Show(gl);//绘制上视图
            if (Bottom_View)//按键s触发显示
                Bottom_View_Show(gl);//绘制下视图
            if (Left_view)//按键a触发显示
                Left_View_Show(gl);//绘制左视图
            if (Right_View)//按键d触发显示
                Right_View_Show(gl);//绘制右视图
            gl.Flush();
        }

不同视图显示程序：

        private void Top_View_Show(SharpGL.OpenGL gl)//上视图
        {
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_PROJECTION);
            gl.LoadIdentity();
            gl.Perspective(60, (double)(this.Width / this.Height), 0.01, 100.0);
            gl.LookAt(0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);//设置上视角
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_MODELVIEW);
            gl.Viewport(0, this.Height / 2, this.Width / 2, this.Height / 2);//设置窗口位置与大小
            Draw(gl);//绘制立方体
        }
        private void Bottom_View_Show(SharpGL.OpenGL gl)//下视图
        {
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_PROJECTION);
            gl.LoadIdentity();
            gl.Perspective(60, (double)(this.Width / this.Height), 0.01, 100.0);
            gl.LookAt(0, 0, -5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);//设置下视角
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_MODELVIEW);
            gl.Viewport(0, 0, this.Width / 2, this.Height / 2);//设置窗口位置与大小
            Draw(gl);//绘制立方体
        }
        private void Left_View_Show(SharpGL.OpenGL gl)//左视图
        {
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_PROJECTION);
            gl.LoadIdentity();
            gl.Perspective(60, (double)(this.Width / this.Height), 0.01, 100.0);
            gl.LookAt(-5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);//设置左视角
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_MODELVIEW);
            gl.Viewport(this.Width/2, this.Height/2, this.Width / 2, this.Height / 2);//设置窗口位置与大小
            Draw(gl);//绘制立方体
        }
        private void Right_View_Show(SharpGL.OpenGL gl)//右视图
        {
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_PROJECTION);
            gl.LoadIdentity();
            gl.Perspective(60, (double)(this.Width / this.Height), 0.01, 100.0);
            gl.LookAt(5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);//设置右视角
            gl.MatrixMode(OpenGL.GL_MODELVIEW);
            gl.Viewport(this.Width / 2, 0, this.Width / 2, this.Height / 2);//设置窗口位置与大小
            Draw(gl);//绘制立方体
        }

加上几个按键触发，触发各视图显示与隐藏，切换立方体的视角等操作：

        private void Key_Press(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.KeyChar =='w')
                Top_View = Top_View ? false : true;
            else if (e.KeyChar == 's')
                Bottom_View = Bottom_View ? false : true;
            else if (e.KeyChar == 'a')
                Left_view = Left_view ? false : true;
            else if (e.KeyChar == 'd')
                Right_View = Right_View ? false : true;

            if (e.KeyChar == 'i')
                eye_y = eye_y + 0.1;
            else if (e.KeyChar=='k')
                eye_y = eye_y - 0.1;
            else if (e.KeyChar=='j')
                eye_x = eye_x - 0.1;
            else if (e.KeyChar == 'l')
                eye_x = eye_x + 0.1;
        }

最终效果如下：

测试程序在这里：SharpGL测试范例