C++面向对象编程分享10----观察者模式

visitor.h

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Visitor;

class Shape
{
public:
	// drawSystme为已确知需要的方法
	virtual void draw() = 0;
	// 通过下面的accept方法，为Shape的子类增加一个或多个方法
	virtual void accept(Visitor *visitor) = 0;

public:
	virtual ~Shape()
	{
		cout << "Destructor of Shape" << endl;
	}
};

class Rectangle : public Shape
{
public:
	void draw();
	void accept(Visitor *visitor);

public:
	~Rectangle()
	{
		cout << "Destructor of Rectangle" << endl;
	}
};


class Circle : public Shape
{
public:
	void draw();
	void accept(Visitor *visitor);

public:
	~Circle()
	{
		cout << "Destructor of Circle" << endl;
	}
};

class Line : public Shape
{
public:
	void draw();
	void accept(Visitor *visitor);

public:
	~Line()
	{
		cout << "Destructor of Line" << endl;
	}
};

class Visitor
{
public:
	virtual void visit(Rectangle *shape) = 0;
	virtual void visit(Circle *shape) = 0;
	virtual void visit(Line *shape) = 0;

public:
	virtual ~Visitor()
	{
		cout << "Destructor of Visitor" << endl;
	}
};


class FillVisitor : public Visitor
{
public:
	void visit(Rectangle *shape)
	{
		cout << "added Fill() method for Rectangle" << endl;
	}

	void visit(Circle *shape)
	{
		cout << "added Fill() method for Circle." << endl;
	}

	void visit(Line *shape)
	{
		cout << "added Fill() method for Line." << endl;
	}

public:
	~FillVisitor()
	{
		cout << "Destructor of FillVisitor" << endl;
	}
};


class AddTextVisitor : public Visitor
{
public:
	void visit(Rectangle *shape)
	{	
		cout << "added AddText() method for Rectangle" << endl;
	}

	void visit(Circle *shape)
	{
		cout << "added AddText() method for Circle" << endl;
	}
	void visit(Line *shape)
	{
		cout << "added AddText() method for Line" << endl;
	}

public:
	~AddTextVisitor()
	{
		cout << "Destructor of AddTextVisitor" << endl;
	}
};

// Visitor.cpp
#include "visitor.h"

void Rectangle::draw()
{
	cout << "Rectangle::draw()" << endl;
}

void Rectangle::accept(Visitor *visitor)
{
	visitor->visit(this);      
}

void Circle::draw()
{
	cout << "Circle::draw()" << endl;
}

void Circle::accept(Visitor *visitor)
{
	visitor->visit(this);      
}

visitor.cpp

#include "visitor.h"

int main()
{
	Visitor *visitor1 = new FillVisitor();

	Shape *rectangle = new Rectangle();
	rectangle->draw();
	rectangle->accept(visitor1);

	Shape *circle = new Circle();
	rectangle->draw();
	circle->accept(visitor1);

	cout << "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" << endl;

	Visitor *visitor2 = new AddTextVisitor();
	rectangle->accept(visitor2);
	circle->accept(visitor2);

	cout << "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" << endl;

	delete visitor1;
	delete visitor2;
	delete rectangle;
	delete circle;
	system("pause");
	return 0;

}

观察者模式的基本结构如下：

首先，shape先留个方法，可以接入新的内容，里面的参数是Visitor接口，  Visitor有visit方法，有各种类继承Visitor，也就是继承visit方法。

而调用时，可以用Rec::accept(Visitor* )，定义域来具体实现shape下的各个类方法。