directx中float16数据与float32互转

使用如下函数

FLOAT           XMConvertHalfToFloat(HALF Value);
FLOAT*          XMConvertHalfToFloatStream(_Out_bytecap_x_(sizeof(FLOAT)+OutputStride*(HalfCount-1)) FLOAT* pOutputStream,
                                           _In_ UINT OutputStride,
                                           _In_bytecount_x_(sizeof(HALF)+InputStride*(HalfCount-1)) CONST HALF* pInputStream,
                                           _In_ UINT InputStride, _In_ UINT HalfCount);
HALF            XMConvertFloatToHalf(FLOAT Value);
HALF*           XMConvertFloatToHalfStream(_Out_bytecap_x_(sizeof(HALF)+OutputStride*(FloatCount-1)) HALF* pOutputStream,
                                           _In_ UINT OutputStride,
                                           _In_bytecount_x_(sizeof(FLOAT)+InputStride*(FloatCount-1)) CONST FLOAT* pInputStream,
                                           _In_ UINT InputStride, _In_ UINT FloatCount);

HALF类型的定义如下

// 16 bit floating point number consisting of a sign bit, a 5 bit biased 
// exponent, and a 10 bit mantissa
//typedef WORD HALF;
typedef USHORT HALF;

包含的文件如下，二选一即可

#include <xnamath.h>
#include <DirectXPackedVector.h>

函数体的内容在文件DirectXPackedVector.inl中

inline float XMConvertHalfToFloat
(
    HALF Value
)
{
#if defined(_XM_F16C_INTRINSICS_) && !defined(_XM_NO_INTRINSICS_)
    __m128i V1 = _mm_cvtsi32_si128( static_cast<int>(Value) );
    __m128 V2 = _mm_cvtph_ps( V1 );
    return _mm_cvtss_f32( V2 );
#elif defined(_XM_ARM_NEON_INTRINSICS_) && (defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(_M_HYBRID_X86_ARM64) || __aarch64__) && !defined(_XM_NO_INTRINSICS_)
    uint16x4_t vHalf = vdup_n_u16(Value);
    float32x4_t vFloat = vcvt_f32_f16(vreinterpret_f16_u16(vHalf));
    return vgetq_lane_f32(vFloat, 0);
#else
    auto Mantissa = static_cast<uint32_t>(Value & 0x03FF);

    uint32_t Exponent = (Value & 0x7C00);
    if ( Exponent == 0x7C00 ) // INF/NAN
    {
        Exponent = 0x8f;
    }
    else if (Exponent != 0)  // The value is normalized
    {
        Exponent = static_cast<uint32_t>((static_cast<int>(Value) >> 10) & 0x1F);
    }
    else if (Mantissa != 0)     // The value is denormalized
    {
        // Normalize the value in the resulting float
        Exponent = 1;

        do
        {
            Exponent--;
            Mantissa <<= 1;
        } while ((Mantissa & 0x0400) == 0);

        Mantissa &= 0x03FF;
    }
    else                        // The value is zero
    {
        Exponent = static_cast<uint32_t>(-112);
    }

    uint32_t Result =
        ((static_cast<uint32_t>(Value) & 0x8000) << 16) // Sign
        | ((Exponent + 112) << 23)                      // Exponent
        | (Mantissa << 13);                             // Mantissa

    return reinterpret_cast<float*>(&Result)[0];
#endif // !_XM_F16C_INTRINSICS_
}

数据类型的转换规则可参考如下链接：

Floating-point rules (Direct3D 11) - Win32 apps | Microsoft Docs

浮点规则 (Direct3D 11) - Win32 apps | Microsoft Docs

Data Conversion Rules - Win32 apps | Microsoft Docs