opencv学习笔记 一 图像读取与操作

包括基本的图像读取，深拷贝和浅拷贝，salt，使用指针遍历图像，颜色缩减，图像锐化

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2\highgui\highgui.hpp>
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE

void salt(cv::Mat &image, int n);   //图像中随机元素设置为白色（255）
void colreduc( cv::Mat &image, int div = 64);   //遍历图像颜色缩减
void Sharp(const cv::Mat &image, cv::Mat &result);  //图像锐化

int main()
{
    cv::Mat image2;
    cv::Mat image = cv::imread("1.jpg");
    std::cout << "size:" << image.size().height <<","<< image.size().width << std::endl;
    image.copyTo(image2);            //图像拷贝，深拷贝
    double duration;
    duration = static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount());  //时钟初始个数
    Sharp(image, image2);
    //经历总的时钟个数
    duration = static_cast<double>(cv::getTickCount()) - duration;
    //时间等于时钟个数除以频率
    duration /= cv::getTickFrequency();            
    std::cout << "Time:" << duration << std::endl;
    cv::namedWindow("Orignial image");
    cv::imshow("Orignial image",image);
    cv::namedWindow("Salt image");
    cv::imshow("Salt image", image2);
    cv::waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

void salt(cv::Mat &image, int n)
{
    for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
    {
        int i = rand() % image.cols;
        int j = rand() % image.rows;
        if (image.channels() == 1)
        {
            image.at<uchar>(j, i) = 255;
        }
        else if (image.channels() == 3)
        {
            image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[0] = 255;      //通道表示方法
            image.at < cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[1] = 255;
            image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j, i)[2] = 255;
        }
    }
}


//使用迭代器进行颜色缩减
void colreduc(cv::Mat &image,int div)
{
    //result.create(image.rows, image.cols, image.type());
    //初始位置的迭代器
    cv::Mat_<cv::Vec3b>::iterator it = image.begin<cv::Vec3b>();
    cv::Mat_<cv::Vec3b>::iterator itend = image.end<cv::Vec3b>();
    for (; it != itend; ++it)
    {
        (*it)[0] = (*it)[0] / div * div + div / 2;   //对元素进行操作
        (*it)[1] = (*it)[1] / div * div + div / 2;
        (*it)[2] = (*it)[2] / div * div + div / 2;
    }


    //指针遍历图像
    /*int n = result.rows;
    int nc = result.cols * result.channels();
    uchar mask = 0xFF << 4;
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
    {
        const uchar* data_in = image.ptr<uchar>(j);
        uchar* data_out = result.ptr<uchar>(j);
        for (int i = 0; i < nc; i++)
        {
            data_out[i] = (data_in[i] & mask) + div / 2;
        }
    }*/
}

//图像锐化
void Sharp(const cv::Mat &image, cv::Mat &result)
{
    result.create(image.size(), image.type());
    for (int j = 1; j < image.rows - 1; j++)
    {
        const uchar* current = image.ptr<const uchar>(j);
        const uchar* up = image.ptr<const uchar>(j - 1);
        const uchar* down = image.ptr<const uchar>(j + 1);
        uchar* output = result.ptr<uchar>(j);
        for (int i = 1; i < image.cols - 1; i++)
        {
            *output++ = cv::saturate_cast<uchar>( 5 * current[i] - current[i + 1] - current[i - 1] - up[i] - down[i]);
        }
    }
    result.row(0).setTo(cv::Scalar(0));
    result.row(result.rows - 1).setTo(cv::Scalar(0));
    result.col(0).setTo(cv::Scalar(0));
    result.col(result.cols - 1).setTo(cv::Scalar(0));

}

注：
1.大多数的c++操作符都被重载了，所以可以写出例如:

result = 0.1 * image1 + 0.8 * image2