根据经纬度范围爬取底图-以mapbox黑色底图为例

智慧城市项目中经常会涉及到离线部署的问题，底图就是不得不解决的一个问题点了。

此前写过的底图爬虫适用于全球底图的爬取，但实际上很多时候做的只是一个范围的，不需要那么大的数据量，因此写了一个根据

经纬度范围爬取的脚本。mapbox底图需要自己申请token

import math
import os
import urllib.request

#起始经纬度
startCoor=[119.2,35.2]
#终止经纬度
endCoor=[121.1,37.2]
#下载目录
rootDir=r"D:\cs"


res={
    0:156543.033928023,
    1:78271.5169640117,
    2:39135.7584820059,
    3:19567.8792410029,
    4:9783.93962050147,
    5:4891.96981025073,
    6:2445.98490512537,
    7:1222.99245256268,
    8:611.496226281342,
    9:305.748113140671,
    10:152.874056570335,
    11:76.4370282851677,
    12:38.2185141425838,
    13:19.1092570712919,
	14:9.55462853564596,
	15:4.77731426782298,
	16:2.38865713391149,
	17:1.19432856695575,
	18:0.597164283477873


}
tileSize=256
originX = -20037508.342789244
originY = 20037508.342789244
#经纬度投影到平面坐标
def millerToXY(lon, lat):
    x=6378137*math.pi*lon/180
    y=6378137*math.log(math.tan(math.pi/360*(lat+90)))
    return (x,y)
start=millerToXY(startCoor[0],startCoor[1])
end=millerToXY(endCoor[0],endCoor[1])
#下载图片
def download_img(img_url, path,imgname):
    request = urllib.request.Request(img_url)
    try:
        response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
        filename = path+"\\"+imgname
        if (response.getcode() == 200):
            with open(filename, "wb") as f:
                f.write(response.read()) # 将内容写入图片
            return filename
    except:
        return "failed"
#计算行列号
def calXY(x,y,level):
    reso=res[level]
    sx=(x-originX)/(reso*tileSize)
    xy=(y-originY)/(reso*tileSize)
    return (sx,xy)
    #print(sx,xy)
#1-5级别全部爬取
for level in range(1, 6):
        num = int(math.pow(2, level))
        for x in range(num):
            for y in range(num):
                url="https://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/mapbox.dark/"+ str(level) + "/" + str(x) + "/" + str(y) + ".png"+"?access_token=token"
                #根目录
                isExists = os.path.exists(rootDir)
                if not isExists:
                    os.mkdir(rootDir)
                # 第一级目录
                pathOne = rootDir + "\\" + str(level)
                isExists = os.path.exists(pathOne)
                if not isExists:
                    os.mkdir(pathOne)
                # 第二级目录
                path = rootDir + "\\" + str(level) + "\\" + str(x)
                isExists = os.path.exists(path)
                if not isExists:
                    os.mkdir(path)
                download_img(url, path, str(y) + ".png")
#爬取经纬度范围内的
for level in range(6,11):
    print(level)
    ss = calXY(start[0], start[1], level)
    ee = calXY(end[0], end[1], level)
    x0 = math.floor(ss[0])
    if (math.fabs(math.floor(ss[1])) > math.fabs(math.floor(ee[1]))):
        y0 = math.floor(math.fabs(ee[1]))
    else:
        y0 = math.floor(math.fabs(ss[1]))
    #每级边缘多爬取一张
    num = math.ceil(ee[0] - x0) + 1
    for x in range(x0,x0+num):
        for y in range(y0,y0+num):
                url="https://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/mapbox.dark/"+ str(level) + "/" + str(x) + "/" + str(y) + ".png"+"?access_token=token"
                #根目录
                isExists = os.path.exists(rootDir)
                if not isExists:
                    os.mkdir(rootDir)
                # 第一级目录
                pathOne = rootDir + "\\" + str(level)
                isExists = os.path.exists(pathOne)
                if not isExists:
                    os.mkdir(pathOne)
                # 第二级目录
                path = rootDir + "\\" + str(level) + "\\" + str(x)
                isExists = os.path.exists(path)
                if not isExists:
                    os.mkdir(path)
                download_img(url, path, str(y) + ".png")