retrofit源码解析

##一.项目介绍及特点

最近在做一个事情,替换retrofit的底层网络请求库,所以打算停下来研究一下retrofit的源码。retrofit是square开源的一个网络请求库。负责接口封装,拼接请求参数、header、url等,而具体的网络请求交给了okhttp负责。

##二.简单用法

retrofit2.Retrofit retrofit = new retrofit2.Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl("http://api.map.baidu.com/telematics/v3/")
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .build();
        IBeanService service = retrofit.create(IBeanService.class);
        Call<WeatherEntity> call = service.getMenuById("guangzhou", "json", "B95329fb7fdda1e32ba3e3a245193146");
        call.enqueue(new Callback<WeatherEntity>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call<WeatherEntity> call, Response<WeatherEntity> response) {
                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                    WeatherEntity result = response.body();//关键
                    if (result != null) {
                        String msg = result.getDate();
//                        mTvContent.setText("message=" + msg);
                    }
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call<WeatherEntity> call, Throwable t) {

            }
        });
        

##三.源码分析

1.retrofit创建过程

1.1Retrofit.Builder()构造函数

    public Builder() {
      this(Platform.get());
    }
    

抓重点,在Android中这里Platform.get()得到的是new Android()。

static class Android extends Platform {
    private static final Executor sExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactory() {
      @Override
      public Thread newThread(final Runnable r) {
        return new Thread(new Runnable() {
          @Override
          public void run() {
            Process.setThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
            r.run();
          }
        }, IDLE_THREAD_NAME);
      }
    });

    @Override public Executor defaultHttpExecutor() {
      return sExecutor;
    }

    @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
      return new MainThreadExecutor();
    }

    @Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(Executor callbackExecutor) {
      return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
    }

    static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
      private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

      @Override public void execute(Runnable r) {
        handler.post(r);
      }
    }
  }

指定了http请求的默认线程和回调的线程。

1.2build方法

public Retrofit build() {
      if (baseUrl == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
      }

      RawCall.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
      if (callFactory == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("RawCall.Factory required.");
      }

      Executor httpExecutor = this.httpExecutor;
      if (httpExecutor == null) {
        httpExecutor = platform.defaultHttpExecutor();
      }

      Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
      if (callbackExecutor == null) {
        callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
      }

      // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
      List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);
      adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));

      // Make a defensive copy of the converters and add the default Converter factory if necessary.
      List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);

      return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories,
          interceptors, httpExecutor, callbackExecutor, validateEagerly, cache);
    }

以上代码做了几件事情:

  • 必须指定callFactory
  • 没有设置httpExecutor,用platform.defaultCallbackExecutor()
  • 没有设置callbackExecutor,用platform.defaultCallbackExecutor()
  • 用一个list保存CallAdapter.Factory
  • 用一个list保存Converter.Factory

2.create()方法

public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
    Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
    if (validateEagerly) {
      eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
    }
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
        new InvocationHandler() {
          private final Platform platform = Platform.get();

          @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
              throws Throwable {
            // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
            if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
              return method.invoke(this, args);
            }
            if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
              return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
            }
            ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
                (ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);
            OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
            return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);
          }
        });
  }

这里主要就是创建了一个动态代理。

这里就涉及动态代理的相关内容,具体对于动态代理的理解可以参考下面的链接:

http://blog.csdn.net/a910626/article/details/79366397

IBeanService是一个接口,使用动态代理控制对这个接口方法的访问,当调用getMenuById方法时,会触发InvocationHandler的invoke方法。

在这里插入图片描述

我们看到动态代理里面传递过来的参数如图。

在invoke方法中,主要做了三件事情,下面分析;

3.动态代理创建请求

3.1创建ServiceMethod

ServiceMethod<?, ?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
    ServiceMethod<?, ?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
    if (result != null) return result;

    synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
      result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
      if (result == null) {
        result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();
        serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

这里会把ServiceMethod做缓存。我们的核心关注点还是创建的过程。

result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();

①new ServiceMethod.Builder(this, method)

    Builder(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
      this.retrofit = retrofit;
      this.method = method;
      this.methodAnnotations = method.getAnnotations();
      this.parameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
      this.parameterAnnotationsArray = method.getParameterAnnotations();
    }

这里主要做的事情包括:

  • 把retrofit对象保存为ServiceMethod的成员变量
  • 把Method保存为ServiceMethod的成员变量,即getMenuById(@Query(“location”) String location, @Query(“output”) String output, @Query(“ak”) String ak)
  • 获取方法上的注解,即@GET(“weather”)
  • 获取方法参数。
  • 获取方法参数上的注解。

在这里插入图片描述

②build()方法

createCallAdapter

 private CallAdapter<T, R> createCallAdapter() {
      Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
      if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
        throw methodError(
            "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
      }
      if (returnType == void.class) {
        throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void.");
      }
      Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
      try {
        //noinspection unchecked
        return (CallAdapter<T, R>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
      } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
        throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
      }
    }

这里做的是:获取返回值类型,获取方法注解,然后利用返回值类型和方法注解去构建一个CallAdapter。

public CallAdapter<?, ?> nextCallAdapter(CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType,
      Annotation[] annotations) {
    checkNotNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
    checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");

    int start = adapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
      if (adapter != null) {
        return adapter;
      }
    }
	
	//以下代码是抛出异常
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Could not locate call adapter for ")
        .append(returnType)
        .append(".\n");
    if (skipPast != null) {
      builder.append("  Skipped:");
      for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
        builder.append("\n   * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
      }
      builder.append('\n');
    }
    builder.append("  Tried:");
    for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      builder.append("\n   * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(builder.toString());
  }

核心的代码就在:

      CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);

之前retrofit在build时保存的CallAdapterFactory是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory,我们看下ExecutorCallAdapterFactory。

  @Override
  public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
      return null;
    }
    final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType);
    return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
      @Override public Type responseType() {
        return responseType;
      }

      @Override public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
        return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call);
      }
    };
  }


get方法里具体是创建一个CallAdapter匿名内部类。

createResponseConverter

private Converter<ResponseBody, T> createResponseConverter() {
      Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
      try {
        return retrofit.responseBodyConverter(responseType, annotations);
      } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
        throw methodError(e, "Unable to create converter for %s", responseType);
      }
    }

核心代码是

retrofit.responseBodyConverter(responseType, annotations)

public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> nextResponseBodyConverter(Converter.Factory skipPast,
      Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
    checkNotNull(type, "type == null");
    checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");

    int start = converterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      Converter<ResponseBody, ?> converter =
          converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);
      if (converter != null) {
        //noinspection unchecked
        return (Converter<ResponseBody, T>) converter;
      }
    }

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Could not locate ResponseBody converter for ")
        .append(type)
        .append(".\n");
    if (skipPast != null) {
      builder.append("  Skipped:");
      for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
        builder.append("\n   * ").append(converterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
      }
      builder.append('\n');
    }
    builder.append("  Tried:");
    for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      builder.append("\n   * ").append(converterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(builder.toString());
  }

之前retrofit在build时保存的converterFactories是BuiltInConverters,我们看下BuiltInConverters。

public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations,
      Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (type == ResponseBody.class) {
      return Utils.isAnnotationPresent(annotations, Streaming.class)
          ? StreamingResponseBodyConverter.INSTANCE
          : BufferingResponseBodyConverter.INSTANCE;
    }
    if (type == Void.class) {
      return VoidResponseBodyConverter.INSTANCE;
    }
    return null;
  }

这里大概就是说会对ResponseBody做一个处理然后再返回。

parseMethodAnnotation

for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
        parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
      }
private void parseMethodAnnotation(Annotation annotation) {
      if (annotation instanceof DELETE) {
        parseHttpMethodAndPath("DELETE", ((DELETE) annotation).value(), false);
      } else if (annotation instanceof GET) {
        parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
      } else if (annotation instanceof HEAD) {
        parseHttpMethodAndPath("HEAD", ((HEAD) annotation).value(), false);
        if (!Void.class.equals(responseType)) {
          throw methodError("HEAD method must use Void as response type.");
        }
      } else if (annotation instanceof PATCH) {
        parseHttpMethodAndPath("PATCH", ((PATCH) annotation).value(), true);
      } else if (annotation instanceof POST) {
        parseHttpMethodAndPath("POST", ((POST) annotation).value(), true);
      } else if (annotation instanceof PUT) {
        parseHttpMethodAndPath("PUT", ((PUT) annotation).value(), true);
      } else if (annotation instanceof OPTIONS) {
        parseHttpMethodAndPath("OPTIONS", ((OPTIONS) annotation).value(), false);
      } else if (annotation instanceof HTTP) {
        HTTP http = (HTTP) annotation;
        parseHttpMethodAndPath(http.method(), http.path(), http.hasBody());
      } else if (annotation instanceof retrofit2.http.Headers) {
        String[] headersToParse = ((retrofit2.http.Headers) annotation).value();
        if (headersToParse.length == 0) {
          throw methodError("@Headers annotation is empty.");
        }
        headers = parseHeaders(headersToParse);
      } else if (annotation instanceof Multipart) {
        if (isFormEncoded) {
          throw methodError("Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
        }
        isMultipart = true;
      } else if (annotation instanceof FormUrlEncoded) {
        if (isMultipart) {
          throw methodError("Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
        }
        isFormEncoded = true;
      }
    }


这里我们的注解使用的是:@GET(“weather”)
进入parseHttpMethodAndPath方法

private void parseHttpMethodAndPath(String httpMethod, String value, boolean hasBody) {
      if (this.httpMethod != null) {
        throw methodError("Only one HTTP method is allowed. Found: %s and %s.",
            this.httpMethod, httpMethod);
      }
      this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
      this.hasBody = hasBody;

      if (value.isEmpty()) {
        return;
      }

      // Get the relative URL path and existing query string, if present.
      int question = value.indexOf('?');
      if (question != -1 && question < value.length() - 1) {
        // Ensure the query string does not have any named parameters.
        String queryParams = value.substring(question + 1);
        Matcher queryParamMatcher = PARAM_URL_REGEX.matcher(queryParams);
        if (queryParamMatcher.find()) {
          throw methodError("URL query string \"%s\" must not have replace block. "
              + "For dynamic query parameters use @Query.", queryParams);
        }
      }

      this.relativeUrl = value;
      this.relativeUrlParamNames = parsePathParameters(value);
    }

这里主要做的是从value中解析出相对url,以及解析出动态参数。

解析参数上的注解

for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) {
        Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p];
        if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s",
              parameterType);
        }

        Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p];
        if (parameterAnnotations == null) {
          throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found.");
        }

        parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
      }
private ParameterHandler<?> parseParameterAnnotation(
        int p, Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Annotation annotation) {
      if (annotation instanceof Url) {
        if (gotUrl) {
          throw parameterError(p, "Multiple @Url method annotations found.");
        }
        if (gotPath) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@Path parameters may not be used with @Url.");
        }
        if (gotQuery) {
          throw parameterError(p, "A @Url parameter must not come after a @Query");
        }
        if (relativeUrl != null) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@Url cannot be used with @%s URL", httpMethod);
        }

        gotUrl = true;

        if (type == HttpUrl.class
            || type == String.class
            || type == URI.class
            || (type instanceof Class && "android.net.Uri".equals(((Class<?>) type).getName()))) {
          return new ParameterHandler.RelativeUrl();
        } else {
          throw parameterError(p,
              "@Url must be okhttp3.HttpUrl, String, java.net.URI, or android.net.Uri type.");
        }

      } else if (annotation instanceof Path) {
        if (gotQuery) {
          throw parameterError(p, "A @Path parameter must not come after a @Query.");
        }
        if (gotUrl) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@Path parameters may not be used with @Url.");
        }
        if (relativeUrl == null) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@Path can only be used with relative url on @%s", httpMethod);
        }
        gotPath = true;

        Path path = (Path) annotation;
        String name = path.value();
        validatePathName(p, name);

        Converter<?, String> converter = retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
        return new ParameterHandler.Path<>(name, converter, path.encoded());

      } else if (annotation instanceof Query) {
        Query query = (Query) annotation;
        String name = query.value();
        boolean encoded = query.encoded();

        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        gotQuery = true;
        if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw parameterError(p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + " must include generic type (e.g., "
                + rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + "<String>)");
          }
          ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
          Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).iterable();
        } else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
          Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).array();
        } else {
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded);
        }

      } else if (annotation instanceof QueryName) {
        QueryName query = (QueryName) annotation;
        boolean encoded = query.encoded();

        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        gotQuery = true;
        if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw parameterError(p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + " must include generic type (e.g., "
                + rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + "<String>)");
          }
          ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
          Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.QueryName<>(converter, encoded).iterable();
        } else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
          Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.QueryName<>(converter, encoded).array();
        } else {
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.QueryName<>(converter, encoded);
        }

      } else if (annotation instanceof QueryMap) {
        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@QueryMap parameter type must be Map.");
        }
        Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
        if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
        }
        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
        Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
        if (String.class != keyType) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@QueryMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
        }
        Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
        Converter<?, String> valueConverter =
            retrofit.stringConverter(valueType, annotations);

        return new ParameterHandler.QueryMap<>(valueConverter, ((QueryMap) annotation).encoded());

      } else if (annotation instanceof Header) {
        Header header = (Header) annotation;
        String name = header.value();

        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw parameterError(p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + " must include generic type (e.g., "
                + rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + "<String>)");
          }
          ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
          Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Header<>(name, converter).iterable();
        } else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
          Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Header<>(name, converter).array();
        } else {
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Header<>(name, converter);
        }

      } else if (annotation instanceof HeaderMap) {
        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@HeaderMap parameter type must be Map.");
        }
        Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
        if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
        }
        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
        Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
        if (String.class != keyType) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@HeaderMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
        }
        Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
        Converter<?, String> valueConverter =
            retrofit.stringConverter(valueType, annotations);

        return new ParameterHandler.HeaderMap<>(valueConverter);

      } else if (annotation instanceof Field) {
        if (!isFormEncoded) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@Field parameters can only be used with form encoding.");
        }
        Field field = (Field) annotation;
        String name = field.value();
        boolean encoded = field.encoded();

        gotField = true;

        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
            throw parameterError(p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + " must include generic type (e.g., "
                + rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                + "<String>)");
          }
          ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
          Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Field<>(name, converter, encoded).iterable();
        } else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
          Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Field<>(name, converter, encoded).array();
        } else {
          Converter<?, String> converter =
              retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
          return new ParameterHandler.Field<>(name, converter, encoded);
        }

      } else if (annotation instanceof FieldMap) {
        if (!isFormEncoded) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@FieldMap parameters can only be used with form encoding.");
        }
        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@FieldMap parameter type must be Map.");
        }
        Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
        if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
          throw parameterError(p,
              "Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
        }
        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
        Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
        if (String.class != keyType) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@FieldMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
        }
        Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
        Converter<?, String> valueConverter =
            retrofit.stringConverter(valueType, annotations);

        gotField = true;
        return new ParameterHandler.FieldMap<>(valueConverter, ((FieldMap) annotation).encoded());

      } else if (annotation instanceof Part) {
        if (!isMultipart) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@Part parameters can only be used with multipart encoding.");
        }
        Part part = (Part) annotation;
        gotPart = true;

        String partName = part.value();
        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        if (partName.isEmpty()) {
          if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
            if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
              throw parameterError(p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                  + " must include generic type (e.g., "
                  + rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                  + "<String>)");
            }
            ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
            Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
            if (!MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(Utils.getRawType(iterableType))) {
              throw parameterError(p,
                  "@Part annotation must supply a name or use MultipartBody.Part parameter type.");
            }
            return ParameterHandler.RawPart.INSTANCE.iterable();
          } else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
            Class<?> arrayComponentType = rawParameterType.getComponentType();
            if (!MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(arrayComponentType)) {
              throw parameterError(p,
                  "@Part annotation must supply a name or use MultipartBody.Part parameter type.");
            }
            return ParameterHandler.RawPart.INSTANCE.array();
          } else if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
            return ParameterHandler.RawPart.INSTANCE;
          } else {
            throw parameterError(p,
                "@Part annotation must supply a name or use MultipartBody.Part parameter type.");
          }
        } else {
          Headers headers =
              Headers.of("Content-Disposition", "form-data; name=\"" + partName + "\"",
                  "Content-Transfer-Encoding", part.encoding());

          if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
            if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
              throw parameterError(p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                  + " must include generic type (e.g., "
                  + rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
                  + "<String>)");
            }
            ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
            Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
            if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(Utils.getRawType(iterableType))) {
              throw parameterError(p, "@Part parameters using the MultipartBody.Part must not "
                  + "include a part name in the annotation.");
            }
            Converter<?, RequestBody> converter =
                retrofit.requestBodyConverter(iterableType, annotations, methodAnnotations);
            return new ParameterHandler.Part<>(headers, converter).iterable();
          } else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
            Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
            if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(arrayComponentType)) {
              throw parameterError(p, "@Part parameters using the MultipartBody.Part must not "
                  + "include a part name in the annotation.");
            }
            Converter<?, RequestBody> converter =
                retrofit.requestBodyConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations, methodAnnotations);
            return new ParameterHandler.Part<>(headers, converter).array();
          } else if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
            throw parameterError(p, "@Part parameters using the MultipartBody.Part must not "
                + "include a part name in the annotation.");
          } else {
            Converter<?, RequestBody> converter =
                retrofit.requestBodyConverter(type, annotations, methodAnnotations);
            return new ParameterHandler.Part<>(headers, converter);
          }
        }

      } else if (annotation instanceof PartMap) {
        if (!isMultipart) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@PartMap parameters can only be used with multipart encoding.");
        }
        gotPart = true;
        Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
        if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@PartMap parameter type must be Map.");
        }
        Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
        if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
          throw parameterError(p, "Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
        }
        ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;

        Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
        if (String.class != keyType) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@PartMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
        }

        Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
        if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(Utils.getRawType(valueType))) {
          throw parameterError(p, "@PartMap values cannot be MultipartBody.Part. "
              + "Use @Part List<Part> or a different value type instead.");
        }

        Converter<?, RequestBody> valueConverter =
            retrofit.requestBodyConverter(valueType, annotations, methodAnnotations);

        PartMap partMap = (PartMap) annotation;
        return new ParameterHandler.PartMap<>(valueConverter, partMap.encoding());

      } else if (annotation instanceof Body) {
        if (isFormEncoded || isMultipart) {
          throw parameterError(p,
              "@Body parameters cannot be used with form or multi-part encoding.");
        }
        if (gotBody) {
          throw parameterError(p, "Multiple @Body method annotations found.");
        }

        Converter<?, RequestBody> converter;
        try {
          converter = retrofit.requestBodyConverter(type, annotations, methodAnnotations);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
          // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
          throw parameterError(e, p, "Unable to create @Body converter for %s", type);
        }
        gotBody = true;
        return new ParameterHandler.Body<>(converter);
      }

      return null; // Not a Retrofit annotation.
    }

最终都会走到这个方法去解析方法参数的注解。最后都会返回一个ParameterHandler.xx.

3.2创建OkHttpCall


  OkHttpCall(ServiceMethod<T, ?> serviceMethod, Object[] args) {
    this.serviceMethod = serviceMethod;
    this.args = args;
  }

从这里可以看到retrofit和okhttp是在这里关联的。

3.3serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall)

  @Override
  public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
      return null;
    }
    final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType);
    return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() {
      @Override public Type responseType() {
        return responseType;
      }

      @Override public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) {
        return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call);
      }
    };
  }

这里就是直接返回了ExecutorCallbackCall。ExecutorCallbackCall的参数delegate就是okhttp。

4.call.enqueue

    ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) {
      this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
      this.delegate = delegate;
    }

    @Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
      if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null");

      delegate.enqueue(new Callback<T>() {
        @Override public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
                // Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on cancellation.
                callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
              } else {
                callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
              }
            }
          });
        }

        @Override public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t);
            }
          });
        }
      });
    }

ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法内部委托的是okhttp的enqueue方法。

@Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
    if (callback == null) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null");

    okhttp3.Call call;
    Throwable failure;

    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
      executed = true;

      call = rawCall;
      failure = creationFailure;
      if (call == null && failure == null) {
        try {
          call = rawCall = createRawCall();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          failure = creationFailure = t;
        }
      }
    }

    if (failure != null) {
      callback.onFailure(this, failure);
      return;
    }

    if (canceled) {
      call.cancel();
    }

    call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {
      @Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse)
          throws IOException {
        Response<T> response;
        try {
          response = parseResponse(rawResponse);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
          callFailure(e);
          return;
        }
        callSuccess(response);
      }

      @Override public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {
        try {
          callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

      private void callFailure(Throwable e) {
        try {
          callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }

      private void callSuccess(Response<T> response) {
        try {
          callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
          t.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    });
  }

1)call = rawCall = createRawCall();

private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
    Request request = serviceMethod.toRequest(args);
    okhttp3.Call call = serviceMethod.callFactory.newCall(request);
    if (call == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
    }
    return call;
  }

就是创建请求,然后调用到的是okhttpclient的newcall方法

 @Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
    return new RealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
  }

所以最终调用到的是RealCall的enqueue方法。

  @Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
  }


final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
    private final Callback responseCallback;

    AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
      super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl());
      this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
    }

    String host() {
      return originalRequest.url().host();
    }

    Request request() {
      return originalRequest;
    }

    RealCall get() {
      return RealCall.this;
    }

    @Override protected void execute() {
      boolean signalledCallback = false;
      try {
        Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
        if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
        } else {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        if (signalledCallback) {
          // Do not signal the callback twice!
          Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
        } else {
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
        }
      } finally {
        client.dispatcher().finished(this);
      }
    }
  }

这里其实已经属于okhttp的网络请求操作了。最后会把数据的成功失败通过Callback回调回来。这样就将okhttpclient的回调引导到了retrofit层面。

##四.涉及的设计模式

retrofit的设计中涉及了大量的设计模式,列举如下:

建造者模式、代理模式、适配器模式、门面模式、动态代理、工厂模式等

在网络上找了一张图如下:

##五.总结

retrofit比较核心的类是ServiceMethod,各种注解的解析及拼接都在这里面。
retrofit代码很少。
retrofit不支持缓存,需要自己扩展。
retrofit比较核心的是有一个动态代理,在做网络请求的时候会通过动态代理,拦截到接口类中方法的注解和方法参数的注解,通过处理注解,去做相应的okhttp请求。
深刻体会,作者设计模式玩得非常6。

在这里插入图片描述

##参考资料
Retrofit分析-漂亮的解耦套路
https://www.jianshu.com/p/45cb536be2f4

透过Retrofit使用看其源码设计模式
http://blog.csdn.net/huyongl1989/article/details/52829822

Retrofit源码设计模式解析(上)
https://www.cnblogs.com/younghao/p/6078156.html

【腾讯Bugly干货】深入浅出 Retrofit,这么牛逼的框架你们还不来看看?
http://blog.csdn.net/tencent_bugly/article/details/51580627

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