js中数组的常用方法(es6)

JS数组常用方法

1.concat

连接两个字符串

    const arr = [1,2]
    const arr2 = [3]
    console.log(arr.concat(arr2))   //1,2,3

2.join

将数组转成字符串

    const arr = [1,2]
    const arr3 = arr.join('-')
    console.log(arr3)   //1-2

3.push & unshift

往数组最后或者开头添加一个或多个元素

    const arr = [1, 2]
    
    arr.push(4)
    console.log(arr)   //[1, 2, 4]
    arr.unshift(9)
    console.log(arr)    //[9, 1, 2, 4]

4.shift & pop

删除数组第一个或最后一个元素

    console.log(arr)    //[9, 1, 2, 4]  
    arr.pop()
    console.log(arr)    //[9, 1, 2]
    arr.shift()
    console.log(arr)    [1, 2]

5.sort

        根据手动创建规则进行排序

    console.log(arr)    //[9, 1, 2, 4]

    console.log(arr.sort()) //[1, 2, 4, 9]
    console.log(arr.sort((a,b)=>(b-a))) //[9, 4, 2, 1]

6.reverse 

        反转数组

    console.log(arr)    //[9, 1, 2, 4]

    console.log(arr.reverse())  // [4, 2, 1, 9]

7.slice

        截取数组，arr.slice(start,end) 从start到end

  const arr5 = [1,3,4,5,6]
    console.log(arr5.slice(1))  //从arr[1]到最后    [3, 4, 5, 6]
    console.log(arr5.slice(2,3))    //(arr[2]-arr[3])   [4]
    console.log(arr5.slice(-1))     // arr[length-1] [6]
    console.log(arr5.slice(-3))     // 倒数3个元素  [4,5,6]

8.splice

        更新数组，向数组添加或删除元素， arr.splice(index,count,[option])         从index开始，分割count为删除个数，option可选，向原数组添加值

    const arr5 = [1,3,4,5,6]
    console.log(arr5.splice(2,1))   //4
    console.log(arr5)   //[1, 3, 5, 6]
    console.log(arr5.splice(2,2))   //[5, 6]
    console.log(arr5)   //[1, 3]
    arr5.splice(1,0,6)
    console.log(arr5)   //[1, 6, 3]

9.indexOf() & lastIndexOf()

        从开头或者结尾开始查找 返回对应下表，没找到返回-1 indexOf（item，start）

    const arr6 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
    console.log(arr6.indexOf(6,0))  //2
    console.log(arr6.indexOf(3,3))  //-1
    console.log(arr6.lastIndexOf(4,0))  //-1
    console.log(arr6.lastIndexOf(4,3)) //3

10. find() & findIndex()

find（item,index)         返回第一个符合要求的值，没有符合值返回-1

findIndex(item,index)         返回第一个满足条件的值的索引值 没有返回-1

    const arr6 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
    const findarr1 = arr6.find((item,index)=>{
        return item>3
    })
    const findarr2 = arr6.find((item,index)=>{
        return item>7
    })
    console.log(findarr1)   //4
    console.log(findarr2)   //undefined


    const findarr3 = arr6.findIndex((item,index)=>{
        return item>3
    })
    const findarr4 = arr6.findIndex((item,index)=>{
        return item>6
    })
    console.log(findarr3)   //3
    console.log(findarr4)   //-1

11.forEach()

        遍历数组

    const arr7 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

    arr7.forEach((item,index)=>{

        console.log(item)   //1,2,3,4,5,6   自动换行

    })

12 map()

        映射，处理数组中的值并返回一个新数组

    const arr7 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
    const arr8 = arr7.map(item=>{
        return item*10
    })
    console.log(arr8)   // [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]

13. filter()

        过滤，操作数组选出所需要的值

    const arr7 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
    const arr9 = arr7.filter(item=>item%2)
    console.log(arr9)   //[1, 3, 5]

14.some()、every()

数组中某一项满足条件就返回true

数组中所有项均满足条件返回true

    const arr7 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
    arrsome1 = arr7.some(item=>item>1)
    arrsome2 = arr7.some(item=>item>7)
    console.log(arrsome1)   //true
    console.log(arrsome2)   //false
    arrevery1 = arr7.every(item=>item>0)
    arrevery2 = arr7.every(item=>item>2)
    console.log(arrevery1)   //true
    console.log(arrevery2)   //false    存在数不大于2

13. keys()、values()、entries() 

keys 对键名进行遍历

values对键值进行遍历

entries遍历键值对

const arr1 = [1,2,3,4,5,7]
for(let i of arr1.keys()){
    console.log(i)  //0,1,2,3,4,5
}
for(let i of arr1.values()){
    console.log(i)  //1,2,3,4,5,7
}


for(let i of arr1.entries()){
    console.log(i)  
}

// [ 0, 1 ]
// [ 1, 2 ]
// [ 2, 3 ]
// [ 3, 4 ]
// [ 4, 5 ]
// [ 5, 7 ]

14. includes() 

        查看数组中是否包含某个值

let arr = [1,2,3,4]
console.log(arr.includes(1))    //true
console.log(arr.includes(5))    //false