第二章 变量和简单数据类型【Python从入门到实践】

# 变量
message="hello,world!"
print(message)           #hello,world!


# 人名函数首字母大写
name="ada lovelace"
print(name.title())      # Ada Lovelace

#人名函数全部大写
name="ada lovelace"
print(name.upper())       #ADA LOVELACE

#人名函数全部小写
name="ada lovelace" 
print(name.lower())        #ada lovelace

# 合并字符串
first_name ='ada'
last_name ='lovelace'
full_name=first_name+' '+last_name
print(full_name)          #ada lovelace   

#f字符串
full_name=f"{first_name} {last_name}"
print(full_name)          #ada lovelace 

#通过打印合并，处理函数变量
print('Hello, '+full_name.title()+'!')       #Hello, ada lovelace 

#\t缩进(空4个格)、\n换行
print('\tpython')        
print('\npython')
print('\n\tpython')

#删除空白，暂时删除字符串末尾的空白：直接输出 变量.rstrip()
favorite_language='python '
print(favorite_language)
print(favorite_language.rstrip())
print(favorite_language)

#删除空白，永久删除字符串末尾的空白：赋值删除后的变量
favorite_language='python '
print(favorite_language)
favorite_language=favorite_language.rstrip()
print(favorite_language)

#删除开头空白：变量.ltrip()
favorite_language=' python '
print(favorite_language.lstrip())

#删除两端空白：变量.strip()
favorite_language=' python '
print(favorite_language.strip())

#数值转换成字符串str()函数
age =23
message="happy "+str(age)+"rd birthday"   #2个不同的数据类型加在一起没法合并
print(message)
print(message.__str__())

练习题：
#2-1 信息存储到变量，将其打印下来
a="I love python"
print(a)                
print('a')         #打印字符串a

#2-3 个性化消息
# qusetion_name=Eric   人名不加引号"~~",报错
q_name="Eric"
print("hello "+q_name+", would you like to learn python?")

#2-6 famous_person表示名人的姓名
famous_person='Albert Einstein '
message='said:a person who never~~~ '
print(f"{famous_person}{message}")
print(famous_person+message)
# print(f"{famous_person} + {message}") ，双引号“~”里的变量和+号都会被打印出来：Albert Einstein  + said:a person who never~~~  ×

#2-8 表达喜欢的数字
a=22
print(str(a)+" is my favorite number !")
print(a.__str__()+" is my favorite number ! ")

#python之禅
import this