lua基础之面向对象

对象

-- 元类
Shape = {area = 0}

-- 基础类方法 new
function Shape:new (o,side)
  o = o or {}
  setmetatable(o, self)
  self.__index = self
  side = side or 0
  self.area = side*side;
  return o
end

-- 基础类方法 printArea
function Shape:printArea ()
  print("面积为 ",self.area)
end

-- 创建对象
myshape = Shape:new(nil,10)

myshape:printArea()

output

面积为 100

继承

-- Meta class
Shape = {area = 0}
-- 基础类方法 new
function Shape:new (o,side)
  o = o or {}
  setmetatable(o, self)
  self.__index = self
  side = side or 0
  self.area = side*side;
  return o
end
-- 基础类方法 printArea
function Shape:printArea ()
  print("面积为 ",self.area)
end

-- 创建对象
myshape = Shape:new(nil,10)
myshape:printArea()

Square = Shape:new()
-- 派生类方法 new
function Square:new (o,side)
  o = o or Shape:new(o,side)
  setmetatable(o, self)
  self.__index = self
  return o
end

-- 派生类方法 printArea
function Square:printArea ()
  print("正方形面积为 ",self.area)
end

-- 创建对象
mysquare = Square:new(nil,10)
mysquare:printArea()

Rectangle = Shape:new()
-- 派生类方法 new
function Rectangle:new (o,length,breadth)
  o = o or Shape:new(o)
  setmetatable(o, self)
  self.__index = self
  self.area = length * breadth
  return o
end

-- 派生类方法 printArea
function Rectangle:printArea ()
  print("矩形面积为 ",self.area)
end

-- 创建对象
myrectangle = Rectangle:new(nil,10,20)
myrectangle:printArea()

output

面积为 100
正方形面积为 100
矩形面积为 200

完整代码

local type = type
local rawget = rawget
local getmetatable = getmetatable
local setmetatable = setmetatable

-- set metatable's __index of t
local setmetatableindex = function(t, index)
    local mt = getmetatable(t)
    if not mt then
        mt = {}
    end
    if not mt.__index then
        mt.__index = index
        setmetatable(t, mt)
    elseif mt.__index ~= index then
        setmetatableindex(mt, index)
    end
end

-- class is kind of cname
local iskindof_
iskindof_ = function(cls, cname)
    local __index = rawget(cls, "__index")
    if type(__index) == "table" and rawget(__index, "__cname") == cname then
        return true
    end

    if rawget(cls, "__cname") == cname then
        return true
    end
    local __supers = rawget(cls, "__supers")
    if not __index then
        return false
    end
    for _, super in ipairs(__supers) do
        if iskindof_(super, cname) then
            return true
        end
    end
    return false
end

function iskindof(obj, cname)
    local t = type(obj)
    if t ~= "table" and t ~= "userdata" then
        return false
    end

    local mt = getmetatable(obj)
    if mt then
        if iskindof_(mt, cname) then
            return true
        elseif mt.class and iskindof_(mt.class, cname) then
            return true
        end
    end
    return false
end

function class(classname, ...)
    if not classname or type(classname) == "table" then
        assert(false, "error class definition!")
    end
    local cls = {__cname = classname}

    local supers = {...}
    for _, super in ipairs(supers) do
        local superType = type(super)
        assert(
            superType == "nil" or superType == "table",
            string.format('class() - create class "%s" with invalid super class type "%s"', classname, superType)
        )

        if superType == "table" then
            cls.__supers = cls.__supers or {}
            cls.__supers[#cls.__supers + 1] = super
            if not cls.super then
                -- set first super pure lua class as class.super
                cls.super = super
            end
        else
            error(string.format('class() - create class "%s" with invalid super type', classname), 0)
        end
    end

    cls.__index = cls
    if not cls.__supers or #cls.__supers == 1 then
        setmetatable(cls, {__index = cls.super})
    else
        setmetatable(
            cls,
            {
                __index = function(_, key)
                    local supers = cls.__supers
                    for i = 1, #supers do
                        local super = supers[i]
                        if super[key] then
                            return super[key]
                        end
                    end
                end
            }
        )
    end

    if not cls.ctor then
        -- add default constructor
        cls.ctor = function()
        end
    end

    cls.new = function(...)
        local instance = {}
        setmetatableindex(instance, cls)
        instance.class = cls
        instance:ctor(...)
        return instance
    end

    cls.is = function(obj, cls)
        if not obj or not cls then
            return false
        end

        local __index = rawget(cls, "__index")
        local cname = rawget(__index, "__cname")

        return iskindof(obj, cname)
    end

    return cls
end