一:原则操作的概念
所谓原子操作是指不会被线程调度机制打断的操作;这种操作一旦开始,就一直运行到结束,中间不会有任何 context switch
(切换到另一个线程)。
原子操作案例
//Interlocked为原子操作相关类,a值为最终值,b可能因为同时操作返回不同的值
public static class AtomicSaple
{
public static int a = 0;
public static void Sample()
{
var b = 0;
b = Interlocked.Increment(ref a);
Console.WriteLine(b);
b = Interlocked.Decrement(ref a);
Console.WriteLine(b);
b = Interlocked.Add(ref a, 2);
Console.WriteLine(b);
//a的值改变为1
Interlocked.Exchange(ref a, 1);
//如果a=0返回1
Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref a,1,0);
}
}
原子操作实现无锁算法
public class Counter
{
public int TimesA { get; set; }
public int TimesB { get; set; }
public Counter(int timesA, int timesB)
{
TimesA = timesA;
TimesB = timesB;
}
}
public static class CounterSample
{
public static Counter Counter1 = new Counter(0, 0);
/// <summary>
/// 递增计数器,返回递增后的值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="counter"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Counter Increment(ref Counter counter)
{
Counter oldCounter, newCounter;
do
{
oldCounter = counter;
newCounter = new Counter(oldCounter.TimesA + 1, oldCounter.TimesB + 1);
// 使用循环确保成功
} while (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref counter, newCounter,oldCounter) != oldCounter);
return newCounter;
}
public static void IncrementCounter()
{
var result = Increment(ref Counter1);
Console.WriteLine($"TimesA={result.TimesA},TimesB={result.TimesB}");
}
public static void ThreadIncrement()
{
var thread1 = new Thread(IncrementCounter);
var thread2 = new Thread(IncrementCounter);
thread1.Start();
thread2.Start();
}
public static void PrintCounter()
{
var c = Counter1;
Console.WriteLine($"Counter={c.TimesA},{c.TimesB}");
}
public static void Run()
{
ThreadIncrement();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
PrintCounter();
}
}