单元测试unit test，集成测试integration test和功能测试functional test的区别（英文和中文版）...

以下内容转自 https://codeutopia.net/blog/2015/04/11/what-are-unit-testing-integration-testing-and-functional-testing/

What are Unit Testing, Integration Testing and Functional Testing?

TAGS: TESTING

Finding your way around the maze that is JavaScript testing can sometimes be difficult. There are unit tests, integration tests, functional tests, E2E tests, browser tests… With so many buzzwords, who knows what they do and which one to use, what for, and when?

To help with that problem, in this article I’ll give you a guide comparing the different kinds of testing types available, and some recommendations for their use.

找出测试javascript的方法有时候非常困难。现在有单元测试，集成测试， 功能测试，E2E测试，浏览器测试，如此多时髦的测试，谁知道它们是怎么做的或者我们要用哪一个，什么时候用等等？

Unit Testing

Unit testing is the practice of testing small pieces of code, typically individual functions, alone and isolated. If your test uses some external resource, like the network or a database, it’s not a unit test.

Unit tests should be fairly simple to write. A unit tests should essentially just give the function that’s tested some inputs, and then check what the function outputs is correct. In practice this can vary, because if your code is poorly designed, writing unit tests can be difficult. Because of that, unit testing is the only testing method which also helps you write better code – Code that’s hard to unit test usually has poor design.

In a sense, unit testing is the backbone. You can use unit tests to help design your code and keep it as a safety net when doing changes, and the same methods you use for unit testing are also applicable to the other types of testing. All the other test types are also constructed from similar pieces as unit tests, they are just more complex and less precise.

Unit tests are also great for preventing regressions – bugs that occur repeatedly. Many times there’s been a particularly troublesome piece of code which just keeps breaking no matter how many times I fix it. By adding unit tests to check for those specific bugs, you can easily prevent situations like that. You can