linux 头文件的使用

系统定义的头文件通常使用尖括号；用户自定义的头文件通常使用双引号

双引号主要是makefile指定的，我们不过多讨论；关于<>我们都知道是从系统定义的文件路径去找，那系统定义的头文件到底在哪呢？首先要确定你编译用的toolchain是哪个，下面以arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc为例：

gcc：

        可以通过如下命令获取编译系统路径：

        echo | arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v -x c++ -E -

#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/4.8.3
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/4.8.3/arm-linux-gnueabihf/.
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/4.8.3/backward
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/include
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/include-fixed
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/.
End of search list.

g++:

         echo | arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -v -x c++ -E -

#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/4.8.3
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/4.8.3/arm-linux-gnueabihf/.
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/c++/4.8.3/backward
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/include
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/include-fixed
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.8.3/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
 /opt/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2014.04_linux/bin/../arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc/usr/include/.
End of search list.

如果需要添加新的头文件到系统编译路径可按如下方法导入：

#在PATH中找到可执行文件程序的路径。
export PATH =$PATH:$HOME/bin

#gcc找到头文件的路径
C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/libxml2:/MyLib
export C_INCLUDE_PATH

#g++找到头文件的路径
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH:/usr/include/libxml2:/MyLib
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH

#找到动态链接库的路径
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/MyLib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

#找到静态库的路径
LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/MyLib
export LIBRARY_PATH