8 ServletContext
8.1 概念
代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信。
8.2 获取
1、通过request对象获取 : request.getServletContext()
2、通过HttpServlet对象获取 : this.getServletContext()
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
ServletContext对象获取:
1. 通过request对象获取
request.getServletContext();
2. 通过HttpServlet获取
this.getServletContext();
*/
//1. 通过request对象获取
ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
//2. 通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();
System.out.println(context1);
System.out.println(context2);
System.out.println(context1 == context2);//true
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
8.3 功能
8.3.1 获取MIME类型
MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
格式:大类型/小类型 例:text/html、image/jpg
获取:String getMimeType(String file)
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//2. 定义文件名称
String filename = "a.jpg";
//3.获取MIME类型
String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
System.out.println(mimeType);//image/jpeg
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
8.3.2 域对象:共享数据
1、setAttribute(String name,Object value)
2、getAttribute(String name)
3、removeAttribute(String name)
- ServletContext对象范围:可共享所有用户、所有请求的数据
先运行/servletContextDemo3,再运行/servletContextDemo4,则可看到控制台输出“haha”
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//设置数据
context.setAttribute("msg","haha");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//获取数据
Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
8.3.3 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
方法:String getRealPath(String path)
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 通过HttpServlet获取
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
// 获取文件的服务器路径
String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
System.out.println(b);
// File file = new File(realPath);
String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
System.out.println(c);
String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
System.out.println(a);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
**注:**src目录下的东西,最后会放到WEB-INF中的classes目录下
9 案例(文件下载)
9.1 需求
文件下载需求:
1、页面显示超链接
2、点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
3、完成图片文件下载
9.2 分析
1、超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示;如果不能被解析,则弹出下载提示框
2、任何资源都应该弹出下载提示框
3、使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
9.3 代码实现
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/day15/img/1.jpg">图片1</a>
<a href="/day15/img/1.avi">视频</a>
<hr>
<a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=1.jpg">图片1</a>
<a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=1.avi">视频</a>
</body>
</html>
@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取请求参数,文件名称
String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
//2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
//2.1找到文件服务器路径
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
//2.2用字节流关联
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//3.设置response的响应头
//3.1设置响应头类型:content-type
String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
//3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
//4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
int len = 0;
while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
sos.write(buff,0,len);
}
fis.close();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
注:
中文文件问题:如果文件名是中文,则服务器获取中文名再返回浏览器response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename)
会存在一些问题。
解决思路:
1、获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
2、根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同
工具类:
public class DownLoadUtils {
public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
// IE浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
} else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
// 火狐浏览器
BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
} else {
// 其它浏览器
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
}
return filename;
}
}
在 3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition 前,解决中文文件名问题
//解决中文文件名问题
//1.获取user-agent请求头、
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);