ServletContext

8 ServletContext

8.1 概念

代表整个web应用，可以和程序的容器（服务器）来通信。

8.2 获取

1、通过request对象获取 : request.getServletContext()

2、通过HttpServlet对象获取 : this.getServletContext()

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*

            ServletContext对象获取：
                1. 通过request对象获取
			        request.getServletContext();
                2. 通过HttpServlet获取
                    this.getServletContext();
         */
        
        //1. 通过request对象获取
        ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();

        System.out.println(context1);
        System.out.println(context2);

        System.out.println(context1 == context2);//true
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

8.3 功能

8.3.1 获取MIME类型

MIME类型：在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型

格式：大类型/小类型 例：text/html、image/jpg

获取：String getMimeType(String file)

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
        //1. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //2. 定义文件名称
        String filename = "a.jpg";

        //3.获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
        System.out.println(mimeType);//image/jpeg
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

8.3.2 域对象：共享数据

1、setAttribute(String name,Object value)

2、getAttribute(String name)

3、removeAttribute(String name)

• ServletContext对象范围：可共享所有用户、所有请求的数据

先运行/servletContextDemo3，再运行/servletContextDemo4，则可看到控制台输出“haha”

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //设置数据
        context.setAttribute("msg","haha");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        //获取数据
        Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

8.3.3 获取文件的真实（服务器）路径

方法：String getRealPath(String path)

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {      
        // 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        // 获取文件的服务器路径
        String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
        System.out.println(b);
       // File file = new File(realPath);

        String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(c);

        String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(a);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

**注：**src目录下的东西，最后会放到WEB-INF中的classes目录下

9 案例（文件下载）

9.1 需求

文件下载需求：

1、页面显示超链接

2、点击超链接后弹出下载提示框

3、完成图片文件下载

9.2 分析

1、超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析，则在浏览器中展示；如果不能被解析，则弹出下载提示框

2、任何资源都应该弹出下载提示框

3、使用响应头设置资源的打开方式：content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx

9.3 代码实现

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/day15/img/1.jpg">图片1</a>
    <a href="/day15/img/1.avi">视频</a>
    <hr>
    <a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=1.jpg">图片1</a>
    <a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=1.avi">视频</a>
</body>
</html>

@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取请求参数，文件名称
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
        //2.1找到文件服务器路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
        //2.2用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);

        //3.设置response的响应头
        //3.1设置响应头类型：content-type
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mime类型
        response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
        //3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
        response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
        //4.将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
            sos.write(buff,0,len);
        }

        fis.close();
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

注：

中文文件问题：如果文件名是中文，则服务器获取中文名再返回浏览器response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename)会存在一些问题。

解决思路：

1、获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息

2、根据不同的版本信息，设置filename的编码方式不同

工具类：

public class DownLoadUtils {

    public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
            // IE浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
            filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
        } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            // 火狐浏览器
            BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
            filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
        } else {
            // 其它浏览器
            filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
        }
        return filename;
    }
}

在 3.2设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition 前，解决中文文件名问题

        //解决中文文件名问题
        //1.获取user-agent请求头、
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //2.使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
        filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);