CUDA编程（1）

/*
* Copyright 1993-2010 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.
*
* NVIDIA Corporation and its licensors retain all intellectual property and
* proprietary rights in and to this software and related documentation.
* Any use, reproduction, disclosure, or distribution of this software
* and related documentation without an express license agreement from
* NVIDIA Corporation is strictly prohibited.
*
* Please refer to the applicable NVIDIA end user license agreement (EULA)
* associated with this source code for terms and conditions that govern
* your use of this NVIDIA software.
*
*/


#include "book.h"

#define imin(a,b) (a<b?a:b)

const int N = 33 * 1024;
const int threadsPerBlock = 256;
const int blocksPerGrid =
imin(32, (N + threadsPerBlock - 1) / threadsPerBlock);


__global__ void dot(float *a, float *b, float *c) {
    //对于每个block cache都产生一个副本
    __shared__ float cache[threadsPerBlock];

    int tid = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
    int cacheIndex = threadIdx.x;

    float   temp = 0;
    while (tid < N) {
        temp += a[tid] * b[tid];
        tid += blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
    }

    // set the cache values
    cache[cacheIndex] = temp;

    // 如果一个线程快的线程没有执行完syncthreads前的语句的话，不执行后面的语句
    __syncthreads();
    //块内线程释放
    // for reductions, threadsPerBlock must be a power of 2
    // because of the following code
    int i = blockDim.x / 2;
    while (i != 0) {
        if (cacheIndex < i)
            cache[cacheIndex] += cache[cacheIndex + i];
        //确保前面线程已经OK
        __syncthreads();
        i /= 2;
    }

    if (cacheIndex == 0)
        c[blockIdx.x] = cache[0];
}


int main(void) {
    float   *a, *b, c, *partial_c;
    float   *dev_a, *dev_b, *dev_partial_c;

    // allocate memory on the cpu side
    a = (float*)malloc(N*sizeof(float));
    b = (float*)malloc(N*sizeof(float));
    partial_c = (float*)malloc(blocksPerGrid*sizeof(float));

    // allocate the memory on the GPU
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_a,
        N*sizeof(float)));
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_b,
        N*sizeof(float)));
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_partial_c,
        blocksPerGrid*sizeof(float)));

    // fill in the host memory with data
    for (int i = 0; i<N; i++) {
        a[i] = i;
        b[i] = i * 2;
    }

    // copy the arrays 'a' and 'b' to the GPU
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(dev_a, a, N*sizeof(float),
        cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(dev_b, b, N*sizeof(float),
        cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));

    dot << <blocksPerGrid, threadsPerBlock >> >(dev_a, dev_b,
        dev_partial_c);

    // copy the array 'c' back from the GPU to the CPU
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaMemcpy(partial_c, dev_partial_c,
        blocksPerGrid*sizeof(float),
        cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));

    // finish up on the CPU side
    c = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i<blocksPerGrid; i++) {
        c += partial_c[i];
    }

#define sum_squares(x)  (x*(x+1)*(2*x+1)/6)
    printf("Does GPU value %.6g = %.6g?\n", c,
        2 * sum_squares((float)(N - 1)));

    // free memory on the gpu side
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(dev_a));
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(dev_b));
    HANDLE_ERROR(cudaFree(dev_partial_c));

    // free memory on the cpu side
    free(a);
    free(b);
    free(partial_c);
    getchar();
}