一个用C来模拟类的多态行为的例子

一个用C来模拟类的多态行为的例子
黄国强 2009-8-21

在某些嵌入式系统中不支持类的概念，下面介绍了一个例子来说明如何在C中实现多态。

1) 这是原先C的代码:

enum Shape
{
    LINE = 0,CIRCLE,RECT,
};

struct Line
{
    int x1,y1,x2,y2;
};

struct Circle
{
    int x,y,rad;
};

struct Rect
{
    int left,right,top,bottom;
};

void DrawLine(Line * pLine);
void DrawCircle(Circle * pCircle);
void DrawRect(Rect * pRect);

void Draw(Shape eType,void * pShape)
{
    swtich(eType)
    {
    case LINE:
        DrawLine((Line *)pShape));
        break;
    case CIRCLE:
        DrawCircle((Circle *)pShape);
        break;
    case RECT:
        DrawCircle((Rect *)pShape);
        break;   
    default:
        break;   
    }
}

2) 这是改进后的代码:

enum ShapeType
{
    LINE = 0,CIRCLE,RECT,
};

typedef struct tagShape
{
    void (* Draw)(void * pShape);
    void * pShape;
} Shape;

typedef struct tagLine
{
    int x1,y1,x2,y2;
} Line;

typedef struct tagCircle
{
    int x,y,rad;
} Circle;

typedef struct tagRect
{
    int left,right,top,bottom;
} Rect;

void DrawLine(void * p)
{
    Line * pLine = (Line *)p;
    // 具体绘制代码
}

void DrawCircle(void * p)
{
    Circle * pCircle = (Circle *)p;
    // 具体绘制代码
}

void DrawRect(void * p)
{
    Rect * pRect = (Rect *)p;
    // 具体绘制代码
}

// 工厂函数。只有这里的switch是允许的
Shape CreateShape(ShapeType eType,void * pShape)
{
    Shape aShape;
    aShape.pShape = pShape;
    switch(eType)
    {
    case LINE:
        aShape.Draw = DrawLine;
        break;
    case CIRCLE:
        aShape.Draw = DrawCircle;
        break;
    case RECT:
        aShape.Draw = DrawRect;
        break;  
    default:
        aShape.Draw = NULL;
        break;  
    }
    return aShape;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    Rect rect;
    rect.top = 0;
    rect.left = 0;
    rect.right = 100;
    rect.bottom = 100;

    Shape aShape = CreateShape(RECT,&rect);
    aShape.Draw(aShape.pShape);

    system("Pause");
    return 0;
}

 

改进后的代码运用了函数指针的技术。