为驱动的使用方便,本次引入了自动创建设备节点相关API——在入口函数中使用
1、向上提交目录:struct class *class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name)
2、向上提交设备节点:struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent, dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)
和其搭配使用的销毁函数——在出口函数中使用
1、销毁节点:void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)
2、销毁目录:void class_destroy(struct class *cls)
本次实验使用ioctl函数对设备的管道进行管理,用户程序可以通过命令码(cmd)控制驱动
原型:int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long request, ...);
代码实现
一、通用的Makefile
modname ?= fengshan
arch ?= arm
ifeq ($(arch),arm)#arm架构
KERNELDIR := /home/ubuntu/fsmp1a/linux-stm32mp-5.10.61-stm32mp-r2-r0/linux-5.10.61
else
KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build #x86架构路径
#KERNELDIR是一个变量,指向内核源码目录
endif
PWD:=$(shell pwd)
#PWD指向当前驱动目录的一个变量
all:
make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
#make -C $(KERNELDIR)
#进入内核顶层目录下,读取对应的Makefile文件,然后执行make
clean:
make -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) clean
obj-m:=$(modname).o
二、.h文件——寄存器地址和ioctl函数的宏定义
1、myled.h
#ifndef __MYLED_H__
#define __MYLED_H__
typedef struct{
volatile unsigned int MODER;
volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
volatile unsigned int IDR;
volatile unsigned int ODR;
volatile unsigned int BSRR;
}gpio_t;
#define PHY_LED1_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_LED2_ADDR 0X50007000
#define PHY_LED3_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR 0X50000A28
enum LED
{
LED1=1,
LED2,
LED3
};
#define LED_ON _IO('a',1)
#define LED_OFF _IO('a',0)
#define LedON _IOW('a',1,int)
#define LedOFF _IOW('a',0,int)
#endif
2、fengming.h
#ifndef __FENGMING_H__
#define __FENGMING_H__
typedef struct{
volatile unsigned int MODER;
volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
volatile unsigned int IDR;
volatile unsigned int ODR;
volatile unsigned int BSRR;
}gpio_t_bz;
#define PHY_BUZZER_ADDR 0X50003000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR 0X50000A28
#define BUZZER_ON _IO('b',2)
#define BUZZER_OFF _IO('b',3)
#endif
3、fengshan.h
#ifndef __FENGSHAN_H__
#define __FENGSHAN_H__
typedef struct{
volatile unsigned int MODER;
volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
volatile unsigned int IDR;
volatile unsigned int ODR;
volatile unsigned int BSRR;
}gpio_t_fan;
#define PHY_FAN_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR 0X50000A28
#define FAN_ON _IO('c',4)
#define FAN_OFF _IO('c',5)
#endif
三、驱动的.c文件
1、myled.c
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include"myled.h"
#define CNAME "mycdev"
int major;//定义变量接收主设备号
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
gpio_t *vir_led1;
gpio_t *vir_led2;
gpio_t *vir_led3;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;
struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;
//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
//size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
int ret;
if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
size=sizeof(kbuf);
ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
if(ret)
{
printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
int ret;
if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
size=sizeof(kbuf);
ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
if(ret)
{
printk("数据从用户向内核拷贝失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
return size;
}
//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret,which;
switch (cmd)
{
case LedON:
ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
if(ret)
{
printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
switch (which)
{
case LED1:
vir_led1->ODR |= (1<<10);
break;
case LED2:
vir_led2->ODR |= (1 << 10);
break;
case LED3:
vir_led3->ODR |= (1 << 8);
break;
}
break;
case LedOFF:
ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
if(ret)
{
printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
switch (which)
{
case LED1:
vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);
break;
case LED2:
vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);
break;
case LED3:
vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1 << 8);
break;
}
break;
default:
printk("功能码错误\n");
break;
}
return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
.open=mycdev_open,
.read=mycdev_read,
.write=mycdev_write,
.unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
.release=mycdev_close,
};
int all_led_init(void)
{
//进行物理地址的映射
vir_led1=ioremap(PHY_LED1_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
if(vir_led1==NULL)
{
printk("vir_led1 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_led1 映射成功\n");
vir_led2=ioremap(PHY_LED2_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
if(vir_led2==NULL)
{
printk("vir_led2 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_led2 映射成功\n");
vir_led3=ioremap(PHY_LED3_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
if(vir_led3==NULL)
{
printk("vir_led3 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_led3 映射成功\n");
vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
if(vir_rcc==NULL)
{
printk("vir_rcc 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_rcc 映射成功\n");
//寄存器的初始化
//led1
vir_led1->MODER &= ~(3<<20);
vir_led1->MODER |= (1<<20);
vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1<<10);
//led2
vir_led2->MODER &= ~(3<<20);
vir_led2->MODER |= (1<<20);
vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1<<10);
//led3
vir_led3->MODER &= ~(3<<16);
vir_led3->MODER |= (1<<16);
vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1<<8);
(*vir_rcc) |= (3<<4);
return 0;
}
//入口函数,当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
//动态注册字符设备驱动
major=register_chrdev(0,CNAME,&fops);
if(major<0)
{
printk("字符设备驱动注册失败\n");
return major;
}
printk("字符设备驱动注册成功major=%d\n",major);
//向上提交节点目录
cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"LED");
if(IS_ERR(cls))
{
printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
return PTR_ERR(cls);
}
printk("向上提交目录成功\n");
//创建设备节点文件
dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,0),NULL,"myled");
if(IS_ERR(dev))
{
printk("创建节点失败\n");
return PTR_ERR(dev);
}
printk("创建节点成功\n");
//寄存器的初始化
all_led_init();
return 0;
}
//出口函数,卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
//销毁节点
device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,0));
//销毁目录
class_destroy(cls);
//取消映射
iounmap(vir_led1);
iounmap(vir_led2);
iounmap(vir_led3);
iounmap(vir_rcc);
//注销字符设备驱动
unregister_chrdev(major,CNAME);
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
2、fengming.c
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include"fengming.h"
#define CNAME "fengming"
int major;//定义变量接收主设备号
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
gpio_t_bz *vir_buz;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;
struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;
//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
//size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
int ret;
if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
size=sizeof(kbuf);
ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
if(ret)
{
printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
int ret;
if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
size=sizeof(kbuf);
ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
if(ret)
{
printk("数据从用户向内核拷贝失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
return size;
}
//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret,which;
switch (cmd)
{
case BUZZER_ON:
ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
if(ret)
{
printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
vir_buz->ODR |= (1<<6);
break;
case BUZZER_OFF:
ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
if(ret)
{
printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
vir_buz->ODR &= ~(1<<6);
break;
default:
printk("功能码错误\n");
break;
}
return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
.open=mycdev_open,
.read=mycdev_read,
.write=mycdev_write,
.unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
.release=mycdev_close,
};
int all_buz_init(void)
{
//进行物理地址的映射
vir_buz=ioremap(PHY_BUZZER_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t_bz));
if(vir_buz==NULL)
{
printk("vir_buz 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_buz 映射成功\n");
vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
if(vir_rcc==NULL)
{
printk("vir_rcc 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_rcc 映射成功\n");
//寄存器的初始化
//buz
vir_buz->MODER &= ~(3<<12);
vir_buz->MODER |= (1<<12);
vir_buz->ODR &= ~(1<<6);
(*vir_rcc) |= (1<<1);
return 0;
}
//入口函数,当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
//动态注册字符设备驱动
major=register_chrdev(0,CNAME,&fops);
if(major<0)
{
printk("字符设备驱动注册失败\n");
return major;
}
printk("字符设备驱动注册成功major=%d\n",major);
//向上提交节点目录
cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"fengming");
if(IS_ERR(cls))
{
printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
return PTR_ERR(cls);
}
printk("向上提交目录成功\n");
//创建设备节点文件
dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,0),NULL,"fengming");
if(IS_ERR(dev))
{
printk("创建节点失败\n");
return PTR_ERR(dev);
}
printk("创建节点成功\n");
//寄存器的初始化
all_buz_init();
return 0;
}
//出口函数,卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
//销毁节点
device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,0));
//销毁目录
class_destroy(cls);
//取消映射
iounmap(vir_buz);
iounmap(vir_rcc);
//注销字符设备驱动
unregister_chrdev(major,CNAME);
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
3、fengshan.c
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include"fengshan.h"
#define CNAME "fengshan"
int major;//定义变量接收主设备号
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
gpio_t_fan *vir_fan;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;
struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;
//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
//size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
int ret;
if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
size=sizeof(kbuf);
ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
if(ret)
{
printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
int ret;
if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
size=sizeof(kbuf);
ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
if(ret)
{
printk("数据从用户向内核拷贝失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
return size;
}
//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
return 0;
}
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int ret,which;
switch (cmd)
{
case FAN_ON:
ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
if(ret)
{
printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
vir_fan->ODR |= (1<<9);
break;
case FAN_OFF:
ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
if(ret)
{
printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
return -EIO;
}
vir_fan->ODR &= ~(1<<9);
break;
default:
printk("功能码错误\n");
break;
}
return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
.open=mycdev_open,
.read=mycdev_read,
.write=mycdev_write,
.unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
.release=mycdev_close,
};
int all_fan_init(void)
{
//进行物理地址的映射
vir_fan=ioremap(PHY_FAN_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t_fan));
if(vir_fan==NULL)
{
printk("vir_fan 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_fan 映射成功\n");
vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
if(vir_rcc==NULL)
{
printk("vir_rcc 映射失败\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
printk("vir_rcc 映射成功\n");
//寄存器的初始化
//buz
vir_fan->MODER &= ~(3<<18);
vir_fan->MODER |= (1<<18);
vir_fan->ODR &= ~(1<<9);
(*vir_rcc) |= (1<<4);
return 0;
}
//入口函数,当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
//动态注册字符设备驱动
major=register_chrdev(0,CNAME,&fops);
if(major<0)
{
printk("字符设备驱动注册失败\n");
return major;
}
printk("字符设备驱动注册成功major=%d\n",major);
//向上提交节点目录
cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"fengshan");
if(IS_ERR(cls))
{
printk("向上提交目录失败\n");
return PTR_ERR(cls);
}
printk("向上提交目录成功\n");
//创建设备节点文件
dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,0),NULL,"fengshan");
if(IS_ERR(dev))
{
printk("创建节点失败\n");
return PTR_ERR(dev);
}
printk("创建节点成功\n");
//寄存器的初始化
all_fan_init();
return 0;
}
//出口函数,卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
//销毁节点
device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,0));
//销毁目录
class_destroy(cls);
//取消映射
iounmap(vir_fan);
iounmap(vir_rcc);
//注销字符设备驱动
unregister_chrdev(major,CNAME);
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
四、test.c——用户程序
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/ioctl.h>
#include"myled.h"
#include"fengming.h"
#include"fengshan.h"
int main(int argc,char const *argv[])
{
char buf[128]={};
int fd=open("/dev/myled",O_RDWR);
int fd_bz=open("/dev/fengming",O_RDWR);
int fd_fan=open("/dev/fengshan",O_RDWR);
int which;
if(fd<0)
{
printf("打开文件失败\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("打开文件成功\n");
if(fd_bz<0)
{
printf("打开文件失败\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("打开文件成功\n");
if(fd_fan<0)
{
printf("打开文件失败\n");
exit(-1);
}
printf("打开文件成功\n");
//在终端中输入
while(1)
{
printf("请输入控制命令 1:开灯 0:关灯 2:蜂鸣器响 3:蜂鸣器不响 4:风扇转动 5:风扇停止转动 9:退出程序\n");
fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
if(buf[0]=='2')
{
ioctl(fd_bz,BUZZER_ON,&which);
}
else if(buf[0]=='3')
{
ioctl(fd_bz,BUZZER_OFF,&which);
}
else if(buf[0]=='4')
{
ioctl(fd_fan,FAN_ON,&which);
}
else if(buf[0]=='5')
{
ioctl(fd_fan,FAN_OFF,&which);
}
else if(buf[0]=='9')
{
break;
}
else //对LED灯进行操作
{
printf("请输入要操作的灯: 1->LED1 2->LED2 3->LED3\n");
scanf("%d",&which);
getchar();
//吃掉换行符
buf[strlen(buf)-1] ='\0';
if(buf[0]=='1')
ioctl(fd,LedON,&which);
else
ioctl(fd,LedOFF,&which);
}
}
close(fd);
close(fd_bz);
close(fd_fan);
return 0;
}