[-综合篇-] 相机、OpenGL、视频、Flutter和SurfaceView

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-01 09:52:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-01 09:52:55 发布

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分类专栏：程序员文章标签：数码相机音视频 flutter

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/afagagagaa/article/details/137637090

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public class Triangle {
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;//顶点缓冲
private final String vertexShaderCode =//顶点着色代码
“attribute vec4 vPosition;” +
“void main() {” +
" gl_Position = vPosition;" +
“}”;
private final String fragmentShaderCode =//片元着色代码
“precision mediump float;” +
“uniform vec4 vColor;” +
“void main() {” +
" gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
“}”;
private final int mProgram;
private int mPositionHandle;//位置句柄
private int mColorHandle;//颜色句柄
private final int vertexCount = sCoo.length / COORDS_PER_VERTEX;//顶点个数
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 34=12
// 数组中每个顶点的坐标数
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
static float sCoo[] = { //以逆时针顺序
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // 顶部
-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // 左下
1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f // 右下
};
// 颜色，rgba
float color[] = {0.63671875f, 0.76953125f, 0.22265625f, 1.0f};
public Triangle() {
//初始化顶点字节缓冲区
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(sCoo.length * 4);//每个浮点数:坐标个数 4字节
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//使用本机硬件设备的字节顺序
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();// 从字节缓冲区创建浮点缓冲区
vertexBuffer.put(sCoo);// 将坐标添加到FloatBuffer
vertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区以读取第一个坐标
int vertexShader = loadShader(
GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER,//顶点着色
vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = loadShader
(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,//片元着色
fragmentShaderCode);
mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram();//创建空的OpenGL ES 程序
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader);//加入顶点着色器
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader);//加入片元着色器
GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram);//创建可执行的OpenGL ES项目
}

private int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode) {
int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);//创建着色器
GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);//添加着色器源代码
GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);//编译
return shader;
}

public void draw() {
// 将程序添加到OpenGL ES环境中
GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
//获取顶点着色器的vPosition成员的句柄
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, “vPosition”);
//启用三角形顶点的句柄
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
//准备三角坐标数据
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(
mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
// 获取片元着色器的vColor成员的句柄
mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, “vColor”);
//为三角形设置颜色
GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, color, 0);
//绘制三角形
GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vertexCount);
//禁用顶点数组
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
}
}

4.OpenGL在相机中的使用

现在捋一下,相机需要一个SurfaceHolder,而GLSurfaceView是一个SurfaceView,郎情妾意。但好事多磨,并没有想象中的这么简单…

在CameraGLView主类中创建SurfaceTexture对象,并将纹理绑定其上
而通过SurfaceTexture作为入参可以创建SurfaceHolder,一条路就通了。

public class CameraGLView extends GLSurfaceView implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {

private CameraDrawer cameraDrawer;
public SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture;
private int[] textureId = new int[1];

//----------------------------相机操作------------------------------
private Handler mainHandler;
private Handler childHandler;
private String mCameraID;
private CameraManager mCameraManager;
private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;//相机设备
private CameraCaptureSession mCameraCaptureSession;

private CameraDevice.StateCallback mStateCallback;
private Size mVideoSize;
private Semaphore mCameraOpenCloseLock = new Semaphore(1);//以防止在关闭相机之前应用程序退出
private Surface surface;

public CameraGLView(Context context) {
this(context,null);
}

public CameraGLView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
setEGLContextClientVersion(3);//设置OpenGL ES 3.0 context
setRenderer(this);//设置渲染器
}

private void initHandler() {
HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread(“Camera2”);
handlerThread.start();
mainHandler = new Handler(getMainLooper());//主线程Handler
childHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());//子线程Handler
}

private void initCamera() {

mCameraID = “” + CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT;//后摄像头
//获取摄像头管理器
mCameraManager = (CameraManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
mVideoSize=getCameraOutputSizes(mCameraManager,mCameraID,SurfaceTexture.class).get(0);

mStateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
@Override
public void onOpened(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
mCameraDevice = camera;
startPreview();
}
@Override
public void onDisconnected(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
mCameraDevice.close();
}
@Override
public void onError(@NonNull CameraDevice camera, int error) {
mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
mCameraDevice.close();
}
};
}

/**

根据输出类获取指定相机的输出尺寸列表，降序排序
/
public List getCameraOutputSizes(CameraManager cameraManager, String cameraId, Class clz){
try {
CameraCharacteristics characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
StreamConfigurationMap configs = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);
List sizes = Arrays.asList(configs.getOutputSizes(clz));
Collections.sort(sizes, (o1, o2) -> o1.getWidth() * o1.getHeight() - o2.getWidth() * o2.getHeight());
Collections.reverse(sizes);
return sizes;
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/*
开启预览
*/
private void startPreview() {
surfaceTexture.setDefaultBufferSize(mVideoSize.getWidth(), mVideoSize.getHeight());
surfaceTexture.setOnFrameAvailableListener(surfaceTexture -> requestRender());
surface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);

try {
// 创建预览需要的CaptureRequest.Builder
final CaptureRequest.Builder reqBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
// 将SurfaceView的surface作为CaptureRequest.Builder的目标
reqBuilder.addTarget(surface);
// 创建CameraCaptureSession，该对象负责管理处理预览请求和拍照请求
CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback stateCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
@Override
public void onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
if (null == mCameraDevice) return;
mCameraCaptureSession = cameraCaptureSession; // 当摄像头已经准备好时，开始显示预览
try {// 显示预览
mCameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(reqBuilder.build(), null, childHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {

}
};
mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Collections.singletonList(surface), stateCallback, childHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

@Override
public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
cameraDrawer=new CameraDrawer(getContext());
//创建纹理对象
GLES30.glGenTextures(textureId.length, textureId, 0);
//将纹理对象绑定到srufaceTexture
surfaceTexture = new SurfaceTexture(textureId[0]); //创建并连接程序

initHandler();//初始化线程处理器
initCamera();//初始化相机
try {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return;
}
mCameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, mStateCallback, mainHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

@Override
public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
glViewport(0,0,width,height);
}

@Override
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
surfaceTexture.updateTexImage();
GLES30.glClear(GLES30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
cameraDrawer.draw(textureId[0]);
}
}

通过CameraDrawer类绘制纹理，这就跟画三角形非常类似,通过着色器(shader)进行着色

fragment片元:camera.fsh

#version 300 es
#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 : require
precision mediump float;

in vec2 vTexCoord;
out vec4 outColor;
uniform samplerExternalOES sTexture;

void main(){
outColor = texture(sTexture, vTexCoord);
}

vertex顶元:camera.vsh

#version 300 es
in vec4 aPosition;
in vec2 aTexCoord;

out vec2 vTexCoord;

void main(){
gl_Position = aPosition;
vTexCoord = aTexCoord;
}

绘画器:CameraDrawer

public class CameraDrawer {
private static final String VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION = “a_Position”;
private static final int VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION_SIZE = 3;
private static final String VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION = “a_texCoord”;
private static final int VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION_SIZE = 2;
private static final String UNIFORM_TEXTURE = “s_texture”;

private float[] vertex ={
-1f,1f,0.0f,//左上
-1f,-1f,0.0f,//左下
1f,-1f,0.0f,//右下
1f,1f,0.0f//右上
};

//纹理坐标，（s,t），t坐标方向和顶点y坐标反着
public float[] textureCoord = {
0.0f,1.0f,
1.0f,1.0f,
1.0f,0.0f,
0.0f,0.0f
};

private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private FloatBuffer textureCoordBuffer;
private int program;

private Context context;

public CameraDrawer(Context context) {
this.context = context;

initVertexAttrib(); //初始化顶点数据

program = GLUtil.loadAndInitProgram( this.context,“camera.vsh”,“camera.fsh”);
GLES30.glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
}

private void initVertexAttrib() {
textureCoordBuffer = GLUtil.getFloatBuffer(textureCoord);
vertexBuffer = GLUtil.getFloatBuffer(vertex);
}

public void draw(int textureId){
GLES30.glUseProgram(program);
//初始化句柄
int vertexLoc = GLES30.glGetAttribLocation(program, VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION);
int textureLoc = GLES30.glGetAttribLocation(program, VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION);

GLES30.glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertexLoc);
GLES30.glEnableVertexAttribArray(textureLoc);

GLES30.glVertexAttribPointer(vertexLoc,
VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION_SIZE,
GLES30.GL_FLOAT,
false,
0,
vertexBuffer);

GLES30.glVertexAttribPointer(textureLoc,
VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION_SIZE,
GLES30.GL_FLOAT,
false,
0,
textureCoordBuffer);

//纹理绑定
GLES30.glActiveTexture( GLES30.GL_TEXTURE0);
GLES30.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);
GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES30.GL_NEAREST);
GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES30.GL_LINEAR);
GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GLES30.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GLES30.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
int uTextureLoc = GLES30.glGetUniformLocation(program, UNIFORM_TEXTURE);
GLES30.glUniform1i(uTextureLoc,0);
//绘制
GLES30.glDrawArrays( GLES30.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN,0,vertex.length / 3);
//禁用顶点
GLES30.glDisableVertexAttribArray(vertexLoc);
GLES30.glDisableVertexAttribArray(textureLoc);
}
}

也许你并不了解OpenGL,看到结果会大呼:TM,这么麻烦，才实先预览?拜拜，学不动，告辞。

对，很麻烦，之后还会更麻烦。但你不会，别人会。你怕麻烦，别人去钻研，这就是人与人的差距。
我最不能理解的是怕麻烦的人到处询问学习方法。只要你不怕麻烦，遇到问题肯去钻，去看源码，去debug，还有什么能阻挡你。世事有难易乎,为之则难者易，不为则易者难。

OpenGL打开了一扇大门，根据shader可以进行非常多的操作，滤镜，贴图，着色，变换…甚至可以说给我一个shader的用武之处，我能给你创造一个世界

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

5.OpenGL在视频播放中的使用

如果你稍微了解一下视频播放，会知道MediaPlayer可以和Surface狼狈为奸

于是乎，同理，可以将视频播放和OpenGL结合,然后通过shader来逆天改命
这里思路几乎一致GLVideoView中进行SurfaceTexture和纹理绑定，并生成Surface给MediaPlayer
关于MediaPlayer的视频播放，详见:Android多媒体之视频播放器(基于MediaPlayer)

外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传

public class GLVideoView extends GLSurfaceView implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer,
SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener, MediaPlayer.OnVideoSizeChangedListener {
private float[] sTMatrix = new float[16];
private final float[] projectionMatrix=new float[16];

private SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture;
private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
private VideoDrawer videoDrawer;
private int textureId;
private boolean updateSurface;
private boolean playerPrepared;

private int screenWidth,screenHeight;

public GLVideoView(Context context) {
super(context);
}

public GLVideoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
setEGLContextClientVersion(2);//设置OpenGL ES 3.0 context
setRenderer(this);//设置渲染器
initPlayer();
}

private void initPlayer() {
mediaPlayer=new MediaPlayer();
try{
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(getContext(), Uri.parse(“/sdcard/toly/sh.mp4”));
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
mediaPlayer.setLooping(true);

mediaPlayer.setOnVideoSizeChangedListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
videoDrawer=new VideoDrawer(getContext());
playerPrepared=false;
synchronized(this) {
updateSurface = false;
}

int[] textures = new int[1];
GLES20.glGenTextures(1, textures, 0);

textureId = textures[0];
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);

surfaceTexture = new SurfaceTexture(textureId);
surfaceTexture.setOnFrameAvailableListener(this);

Surface surface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);
mediaPlayer.setSurface(surface);
surface.release();
if (!playerPrepared){
try {
mediaPlayer.prepare();
playerPrepared=true;
} catch (IOException t) {

}
mediaPlayer.start();
playerPrepared=true;
}
}

@Override
public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
screenWidth=width; screenHeight=height;
GLES20.glViewport(0,0,screenWidth,screenHeight);
}

@Override
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
synchronized (this){
if (updateSurface){
surfaceTexture.updateTexImage();
surfaceTexture.getTransformMatrix(sTMatrix);
updateSurface = false;
}
}
videoDrawer.draw(textureId,projectionMatrix, sTMatrix);
}

@Override
public void onFrameAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
updateSurface = true;
}

@Override
public void onVideoSizeChanged(MediaPlayer mp, int width, int height) {
screenWidth=width; screenHeight=height;
updateProjection(width,height);
}

private void updateProjection(int videoWidth, int videoHeight){
float screenRatio=(float)screenWidth/screenHeight;
float videoRatio=(float)videoWidth/videoHeight;
if (videoRatio>screenRatio){
Matrix.orthoM(projectionMatrix,0,
-1f,1f,-videoRatio/screenRatio,videoRatio/screenRatio,
-1f,1f);
}else {
Matrix.orthoM(projectionMatrix,0,
-screenRatio/videoRatio,screenRatio/videoRatio,-1f,1f,
-1f,1f);
}
}
}

着色器

---->[video.fsh]----
#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external : require
precision mediump float;
varying vec2 vTexCoord;
uniform samplerExternalOES sTexture;
void main() {
vec3 color = texture2D(sTexture, vTexCoord).rgb;
float threshold = 0.8;//阈值
float mean = (color.r + color.g + color.b) / 3.0;
color.r = color.g = color.b = mean >= threshold ? 1.0 : 0.0;
gl_FragColor = vec4(1,color);//固定红色
}

---->[video.vsh]----
attribute vec4 aPosition;//顶点位置
attribute vec4 aTexCoord;//纹理坐标
varying vec2 vTexCoord;
uniform mat4 uMatrix;
uniform mat4 uSTMatrix;
void main() {
vTexCoord = (uSTMatrix * aTexCoord).xy;
gl_Position = uMatrix*aPosition;
}

再通过VideoDrawer进行着色处理和绘制

public class VideoDrawer {
private Context context;
private int aPositionLocation;
private int programId;
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private final float[] vertexData = {
1f, -1f, 0f,
-1f, -1f, 0f,
1f, 1f, 0f,
-1f, 1f, 0f
};

private int uMatrixLocation;

private final float[] textureVertexData = {
1f, 0f,
0f, 0f,
1f, 1f,
0f, 1f
};
private FloatBuffer textureVertexBuffer;
private int uTextureSamplerLocation;
private int aTextureCoordLocation;
private int uSTMMatrixHandle;

public VideoDrawer(Context context) {
this.context = context;

vertexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexData.length * 4)
.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder())
.asFloatBuffer()
.put(vertexData);
vertexBuffer.position(0);

textureVertexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textureVertexData.length * 4)
.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder())
.asFloatBuffer()
.put(textureVertexData);
textureVertexBuffer.position(0);

programId = GLUtil.loadAndInitProgram(context, “video.vsh”, “video.fsh”);
aPositionLocation = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(programId, “aPosition”);

uMatrixLocation = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programId, “uMatrix”);
uSTMMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programId, “uSTMatrix”);
uTextureSamplerLocation = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programId, “sTexture”);
aTextureCoordLocation = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(programId, “aTexCoord”);
}

public void draw(int textureId, float[] projectionMatrix, float[] sTMatrix) {
GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

GLES20.glUseProgram(programId);
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(uMatrixLocation, 1, false, projectionMatrix, 0);
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(uSTMMatrixHandle, 1, false, sTMatrix, 0);

vertexBuffer.position(0);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(aPositionLocation);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(aPositionLocation, 3, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
12, vertexBuffer);

textureVertexBuffer.position(0);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(aTextureCoordLocation);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(aTextureCoordLocation, 2, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, textureVertexBuffer);
GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR);

GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);
GLES20.glUniform1i(uTextureSamplerLocation, 0);
GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
}
}

6.Flutter 与 SurfaceView

如果你对Flutter的实现有所了解，那么对FlutterView应该并不陌生。对于Android端,

Flutter所有视图都在FlutterView中进行绘制，而FlutterView便是继承自SurfaceView
这也足以显示SurfaceView是多么强大

public class FlutterView extends SurfaceView
implements BinaryMessenger, TextureRegistry {

既然是SurfaceView，那么自然少不了前面的那些形式，回调啦，SurfaceHolder什么的

在成员属性中有mSurfaceCallback和nextTextureId,是不是很亲切
在构造方法中mSurfaceCallback被直接创建,surfaceCreated、surfaceChanged、surfaceDestroyed

public class FlutterView extends SurfaceView implements BinaryMessenger, TextureRegistry {
private static final String TAG = “FlutterView”;
//…
private final Callback mSurfaceCallback;
//…
private final AtomicLong nextTextureId;

//构造方法中
this.mSurfaceCallback = new Callback() {

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[外链图片转存中…(img-2tyFv7SB-1712815215921)]
[外链图片转存中…(img-nzVDyRvY-1712815215921)]

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[外链图片转存中…(img-kUTQYrxp-1712815215921)]

总结

一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远。不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎扫码加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！
[外链图片转存中…(img-dVjFvT1z-1712815215921)]

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本文讲解了我对Android开发现状的一些看法，也许有些人会觉得我的观点不对，但我认为没有绝对的对与错，一切交给时间去证明吧！愿与各位坚守的同胞们互相学习，共同进步！一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远。不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎扫码加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！[外链图片转存中…(img-2tyFv7SB-1712815215921)]
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