一篇文章掌握命令模式

一.案例引入

需求介绍

二.命令模式

1.基本介绍

注意命令模式必须支持撤销

小例子

2.命令模式原理类图

对原理类图的说明

3.命令模式解决上述问题的UML类图

4.具体代码

Command

public interface Command {
    //执行动作
    public void execute();

    //撤销动作
    public void undo();
}

LightReceiver

public class LightReceiver {
    public void on(){
        System.out.println("电灯打开了");
    }

    public void off(){
        System.out.println("电灯关闭了");
    }
}

LightOnCommand

public class LightOnCommand implements Command
{
    LightReceiver lightReceiver;

    public LightOnCommand(LightReceiver lightReceiver) {
        this.lightReceiver = lightReceiver;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        lightReceiver.on();
    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {
        lightReceiver.off();
    }
}

LightOffCommand

public class LightOffCommand implements Command{
    LightReceiver lightReceiver;

    public LightOffCommand(LightReceiver lightReceiver) {
        this.lightReceiver = lightReceiver;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        lightReceiver.off();
    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {
        lightReceiver.on();
    }
}

NoCommand

//没有任何命令，即空执行。用于初始化每个按钮。当调用空命令时，对象什么都不做即可。
//其实，这也是一种设计模式，可以省掉对空的判断
public class NoCommand implements Command{
    @Override
    public void execute() {

    }

    @Override
    public void undo() {

    }
}

RemoteController

public class RemoteController {
    // 开  按钮的命令数组
    Command[] onCommands;
    Command[] offCommands;

    //执行撤销的命令
    Command undoCommand;

    //构造器，完成对按钮初始化
    public RemoteController(){
        onCommands = new Command[5];
        offCommands = new Command[5];

        for(int i = 0;i < 5;i++){
            onCommands[i] = new NoCommand();
            offCommands[i] = new NoCommand();
        }
    }

    //给我们的按钮设置你需要的命令
    public void setCommand(int no,Command onCommand,Command offCommand){
        onCommands[no] = onCommand;
        offCommands[no] = offCommand;
    }

    //按下开的按钮怎么处理
    public void onButtonWasPushed(int no){
        //找到你按下的 开  的按钮，并调用对应方法
        onCommands[no].execute();

        //记录这次的操作，用于撤销
        undoCommand = onCommands[no];
    }

    //按下关的按钮怎么处理
    public void offButtonWasPushed(int no){
        //找到你按下的 关  的按钮，并调用对应方法
        offCommands[no].execute();

        //记录这次的操作，用于撤销
        undoCommand = offCommands[no];
    }

    //按下撤销按钮的处理
    public void undoButtonWasPushed(){
        undoCommand.undo();
    }
}

Client

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建电灯的对象（接收者）
        LightReceiver lightReceiver = new LightReceiver();

        //创建电灯相关的开关命令
        LightOnCommand lightOnCommand = new LightOnCommand(lightReceiver);
        LightOffCommand lightOffCommand = new LightOffCommand(lightReceiver);

        //需要一个遥控器
        RemoteController remoteController = new RemoteController();

        //给遥控器设置命令
        remoteController.setCommand(0,lightOnCommand,lightOffCommand);

        //按下灯的开按钮
        System.out.println("-------------开灯------------");
        remoteController.onButtonWasPushed(0);

        //按下灯的关按钮
        System.out.println("-------------关灯------------");
        remoteController.offButtonWasPushed(0);

        //撤销
        System.out.println("-------------撤销------------");
        remoteController.undoButtonWasPushed();

        /**
         * -------------开灯------------
         * 电灯打开了
         * -------------关灯------------
         * 电灯关闭了
         * -------------撤销------------
         * 电灯打开了
         */
    }
}

5.命令模式的注意事项和细节