keil C51使用printf函数

在使用printf函数之前需要注意亮点，一是调用头文件stdio.h，二是重定义putchar发送单个字符函数。这一点和MDK中开发AMR处理器不太一样，后者重定义的函数名fputc。

写个测试程序，不断通过串口发送一个字符串：

#include <STC15F2K60S2.H>
#include "stdio.h"
#include "intrins.h"

void Delay1000ms(void);
void UartInit(void);

void main(void)
{
    UartInit();
    for(;;)
    {
        printf("Hello, STC!\r\n");
        Delay1000ms();
    }
}

void UartInit(void)        //9600bps@11.0592MHz
{
    SCON = 0x50;        //8位数据,可变波特率
    AUXR |= 0x01;        //串口1选择定时器2为波特率发生器
    AUXR |= 0x04;        //定时器2时钟为Fosc,即1T
    T2L = 0xE0;        //设定定时初值
    T2H = 0xFE;        //设定定时初值
    AUXR |= 0x10;        //启动定时器2
}

char putchar(char ch)
{
    SBUF = ch;
    while(TI == 0);
    TI = 0;
    return ch;
}

void Delay1000ms(void)        //@11.0592MHz
{
    unsigned char i, j, k;

    _nop_();
    _nop_();
    i = 43;
    j = 6;
    k = 203;
    do
    {
        do
        {
            while (--k);
        } while (--j);
    } while (--i);
}

效果如下，可以看到实现预期功能：

以输出int型变量为例：

格式	含义	针对类型
%bd	单字节变量	char
%d	两字节变量	int
%ld	四字节变量	long int

其他变量类型输出格式含义

Type Argument	Type Input	Format
d	int	Signed decimal number.
u	unsigned int	Unsigned decimal number.
o	unsigned int	Unsigned octal number.
x	unsigned int	Unsigned hexadecimal number using “0123456789abcedf”.
X	unsigned int	Unsigned hexadecimal number using “0123456789ABCDEF”.
f	float	Floating-point number formatted as<[>-<]>dddd.dddd. %.1f(输出保留1位小数)
e	float	Floating-point number formatted as<[>-<]>d.dddde<[>-<]>dd.
E	float	Floating-point number formatted as<[>-<]>d.ddddE<[>-<]>dd.
g	float	Floating-point number using either the e or f format, whichever is more compact for the specified value and precision.
G	float	Floating-point number using either the E or f format, whichever is more compact for the specified value and precision.
c	char	A single character.
s	*	A string of characters terminated by a null character (‘\0’).
p	*	A generic pointer formatted as t:aaaa where t is the memory type and aaaa is the hexadecimal address.

以输出浮点数举例

printf("tempX=%f\r\n",tempX);

输出效果如下：